【正文】 putational cell has reached equilibrium it will also have a specific temperature–the equilibrium temperature. Assumptions: a) Thermodynamic equilibrium can be reached in each cell during any time step. b) The densities of gas/steel/slag are constant in time and space. c) Equilibrium needs only to be calculated in cells containing at least two phases. A schematic of the coupling and the solution procedure can be seen in Fig. 4. 附錄三 外文翻譯 Fig. 5. Velocity vector plot in gas. Vectors have a fixed length。C. From the top lance, placed m above the steel, a mass flow inlet was specified corresponding to a volumetric flow rate of 25 L/min of pure oxygen. In Table 1 various parameters used in the simulation can be seen and in Table 2 the initial concentrations of the different species are shown. . CFD The Ansys Fluent software has been used which is a mercial finite volume solver used for putational fluid ) Conservation equations of mass, momentum, energy and species are solved. Depending on the turbulence model used some extra conservation equations are added, for instance conservation of turbulence kiic energy, k, and turbulence energy dissipation, e , as prescribed in the standard k–e ) The following form is used for transport of any property f : where r is the density, u is the mean velocity vector, when using a turbulence model based on Reynolds Averaging, G is the diffusion coefficient and Sf is the source term, as can be seen in Table 3. Equation (1) and Table 3 describes the transport of。 slag and dynamic simulations. 附錄三 外文翻譯 1. Introduction In many metallurgical processes involving an oxygenjet impinging onto a steel bath surface, a good understanding of the underlying fluid dynamics is desirable in order to optimize the involved kiics such as decarburization. There have been several experimental reports on the subject for instance1–7) and also some numerical or Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) –13) Szekely and Asai8) presented a putational model of a jet impinging onto a liquid surface. Ngyen and Evans investigated the effect the nozzletopool diameter ratio had on the deformation of the liquid surface caused by an impinging jet, using a putational ) Zhang et al. modeled a bined blown case where a top jet as well as a submerged jet was employed. 10) Odenthal et al. showed a multiphase CFD model of a top blown converter where splashing phenomena due to the impinging jet was investigated as well as the mixing time in the converter due to bottom and top ) Nakazono et al. described a twophase numerical analysis of a supersonic O2jet impinging on a liquid iron surface containing ) The calculations were performed under vacuum and addressed surface chemistry between the gas and the steelphase. The model used a steady state approach without treatment of splashing, ripples etc. There are also other non top blowing CFD models presented in the literature that address chemical reactions in metallurgical systems, see for ,15) Jonsson et al. presented a coupled CFD and thermodynamics model of sulfur refining in a gasstirred ) The thermodynamics was incorporated in the CFD program as a custom subroutine specifically written for the investigated system. A schematic of such an approach can be seen in Fig. 1. Recently a CFD model consisting of a top blown system has been presented and pared to experimental ) Here an extension to this model is presented which includes reactions . a gas/liquid/slag Volume of Fluid (VOF)17) multiphase model, for a top blown system. Reactions between all phases 附錄三 外文翻譯 have been allowed as well as expansion/ contraction associated with the creation or destruction of phases in the putational cells. The methodology of the setup is shown and finally some illustrative results of a fundamental top blown converter model are presented. 2. Numerical Model The current modeling approach is seen in Fig. 2. It is built in a modular fashion in order to ease the incorporation of new research into the model. This also means that very little reprogramming is necessary when changing from one system to another, as long as the thermodynamic data is present in the thermodynamic database and the capabilities of the CFD software is not exceeded. The simulations have been performed on a Linux PC cluster containing 6 nodes. The reallife simulation time has been highly dependent on the number of ThermoCalc calls performed so no typical simulation time can be given。 thermodynamics。 accepted on December 10, 2021)A novel modeling approach is presented where a putational fluid dynamics software is coupled to thermodynamic databases to obtain dynamic simulations of metallurgical process phenomena. The modeling approach has been us