【正文】 ries is the establishment of a prehensive and scientific system of 戰(zhàn)策 and to scientifically infer, demonstrate and check up decisions of 戰(zhàn)策 on the basis of the campaign laws and in accordance with the actual battlefield inference theory of 戰(zhàn)策 is entrusted with the mission of the establishment and gradual perfection of the following two subsystems:(1)(1)General theory of 戰(zhàn)策This theory covers, by theoretical inference, the following eleven aspects: campaign conceptions, fundamental principles of campaigns, general patterns of campaigns, classification of campaign scales, general procedures of campaigns, general mobility of campaigns, general ways of assaults, general strengths position, general mand system, general coordination system, and general support system.(2)(2)Case theory of theory refers to the integration of actions and counteractions to be taken in a given specific campaign, whose essence may be included in the answers to the following three questions: What military conditions must be created in the war zone or campaign zone in order to achieve the strategic goal? What actions must be taken to secure those conditions? And how must manpower be used to conduct those actions? to the system of the basics of the to the concept concept system of military campaigns means a collection of a whole set of concepts denoting all the elements, all the phenomena or all the matters in every aspect and at every level of military the thesis does concerning this system is as follows:First, according to the different facets of the campaign denoted by the respective concepts, the thesis divides campaign concepts into six 0groups:campaign strength, campaign timing, campaign battlefield, campaign operations, campaign situations, and basic spheres of a are, of course, other concepts, such as those of campaign capabilities, campaign effect and campaign the same time, the thesis points out ways of developing the concept system: On the one hand, there must be a general study of the concept system as a whole, and on the other hand, formulation of individual concepts must be , effort must be made to raise the scientific and cultural levels of the theory , to meet the requirements of the development of the science of military campaigns, several new concepts are put forward in the thesis, such as campaign energy, campaign unit, 戰(zhàn)策, inference theory of 戰(zhàn)策, and unit theory of the science of military to the norm of campaigns are the precise expressions of any particular aspect of a campaign in terms of absolute relative numbers, which are an absolute need in quantitative thesis contributes to the system in two respects: the establishment of a system framework and the introduction of several new are the specific norms the thesis presents:(1)(1)Norms concerning campaign capabilities: engagement expectancy in the campaign, engagement rate in the campaign, theoretical engagement sorties in the campaign, actual engagement sorties in the campaign, and engagement intensity in the campaign.(2)(2)Norms of campaign effect: loss rate of the campaign, loss expectancy of the campaign, freedom of action, and decrease index of action capability, etc..(3)(3)Norms of battlefield situation: The thesis suggests that the opposing sides are contesting with each other in the following five aspects: size and strength of the forces engaged, convenience for action provided by geographical conditions, secrecy of action and intention, convenience for recovery and replenishment of bat effectiveness, and realization of the strategic are represented respectively by the following norms: product of quantity times quality, degree of freedom of action, degree of transparency of enemy situation, index of recovery，and degree of realization of intention.(4)(4)Norms of assessment of the campaign plan: degree of satisfaction, degree of risks, and degree of satisfaction (5)(5)Norms of bat effectiveness of a campaign to the model models is a general term of models used in the simulation of the forms of campaign structure and may take the forms of either words or thesis expounds on the five features the model system must possess: effectiveness, transparency, creditability, plasticity and thesis proceeds to suggest four categories of mathematics models as priority items for future development:(1)models of norm solution,(2)models of statistics and experiment,(3)models of description and analysis of campaign action, and(4)models of evaluation, assessment and optimization of campaign specific models suggested are as follows:Models in simulation of the value of the campaign battlefield situation:A=K1the trouble, however, lies in the fact that that is being done at the expense of basic theoretical instance: focussing on studies of “guiding principles” of campaigns while neglecting revelation of objective laws guiding campaigns, emphasizing presentation of new methodologies of military operations while overlooking the theoretical reasoning and demonstration of those methodologies, stressing Grounds for Selection and Purposes of the Subject development of new concepts while ignoring the necessity of defining them, and attempting to explore a macroscopic system of the science in the virtual absence of a theoretical basis posed of the norm system, model system, data system, analysis outweighing quantitative to the absence of the necessary norm system, data system and model system, and under the influence of the orthodox ways of research relying mainly on empirioanalogy and induction, theoretical research into this particular branch of learning has hitherto remained basically on the level of deliberation and reasoning with much generalized qualitative interpretation but little quantitative the exclusion of quantitative studies from textbooks and theoretical writings on the science of military campaigns, and of mathematics from the qualification examinations of postgraduates majoring in the science of military difference