【正文】 ely do not).Teaching can be taught, to some degree, but not the way many graduate schools of education do it, with a lot of insipid or marginally relevant theorizing and any case the research shows that within about five years, you can generally tell who is a good teacher and who is not.【譯文】我們?yōu)槭裁幢仨毥型！安环Q職”的老師？一直以來，美國初高中教育質(zhì)量的相對下降對整個民族的將來來說，不僅僅是窘境也是一種威脅。theories must be constantly tested against evidence可以翻成理論必須得到證據(jù)的檢驗，也可以添加泛指性主語“我們”翻成我們需要用證據(jù)對理論進行 檢驗。比較重要的一句是倒數(shù)第二句，其中的被動語態(tài)需要處理到位。在這里，A are explained by B直譯為A能夠被B解釋略帶翻譯腔，其實這一結(jié)構(gòu)只是表示原因，所以還不如譯為更為簡潔的“因為”。句法層面沒有難點，詞匯層面注意單詞explain。第一句話（A minority, though, are sceptical.）中minority呼應(yīng)了第一段中的majority，其中的though作插于語使用表轉(zhuǎn)折功能，這一考點在中口以前的英譯漢文章里考過。三件事情依次是：地球的氣候正處于變化之中；對人類而言，這一變化正日趨嚴重；罪魁禍首是人類活動，其表現(xiàn)形式為過量排放二氧化碳之類的溫室氣體。and that （氣候?qū)W家）使自己及B（普通民眾）確信三件事情。文章一共三段，難度相對較大的是第一段，整段是一句長句，其結(jié)構(gòu)非常清晰：A have convinced themselves and B that 1。各段的考點毫無新意，都是在課上反復(fù)講解并訓(xùn)練過的技巧。這是科學(xué)家的任務(wù)。盛行的理論必須不斷得到實際證據(jù)的檢驗。但是我們也相信氣候變化并不是必然的。我們認為，全球變暖是人類面臨的嚴重威脅，世界各國需要采取措施，竭力避免這一問題。一些人表示，雖然近期的數(shù)據(jù)表明地球的平均氣溫正在升高，但其原因是太陽輻射的自然波動，這一趨勢可能臨近結(jié)束。and that the cause is human activity, in the form of excessive emissions of greenhouse gases such as carbon minority, though, are think that recent data suggesting the Earth’s average temperature is rising are explained by natural variations in solar radiation, and that this trend may be ing to an argue that there is no conclusive evidence that modern temperatures are higher than they used to believe that global warming is a serious threat, and that the world needs to take steps to try to avert is the job of the we do not believe that climate change is a are no certainties in theories must be constantly tested against evidence, and more evidence collected, and the theories tested is the job of the scientists.【參考答案】世界上大部分氣候?qū)W家已經(jīng)使他們自己及許多普通民眾（包括一些政界人士）確信，地球的氣候正處于變化之中；對人類而言，這一變化正日趨嚴重；罪魁禍首是人類活動，其表現(xiàn)形式為過量排放二氧化碳之類的溫室氣體。fortunately, its major scenic spots remained intact in 1949 when Shanghai was Garden regained its splendor after several renovations starting from well proportioned, the endless mixture of pavilions and corridors, rockeries and ponds, yields to a scene of harmonious Yu Garden is famed in South of Yangtze Delta for the amount of thought put into its layout.【E—C】A majority of the world’s climate scientists have convinced themselves, and also a lot of laymen, some of whom have political power, that the Earth’s climate is changing。變遷：，可以選擇解釋：changes of Garden was repeated destroyed under vicissitudes。In the old days, And Yu Garden was famed in South China for the amount of thought put into its 這里的花園可以不譯，直接收成private property, 私人財產(chǎn)。江南在中文中聽上去很好，但到了英文中如果翻的太清楚就變成了south of the Yangtze River, 失去了美感，不如也模糊地說成South China 。、假山池塘和諧對稱、協(xié)調(diào)均衡，其布局之精致自古聞名江南。參考答案：The Yuyuan Garden is a renowned classical garden located in Shanghai that enjoys a history of over 400 delicate design, it boasts the architectural style of the Ming and Qing attractive scenic spots dot the garden, including pavilions, pagodas, ponds and rockeries, with each adding radiance to one Yuyuan Garden tops South China for its delicacy and Garden was originally the private garden of a governor in the Ming initial construction started in 1559, but it was not pleted until two decades Garden was repeated destroyed under vicissitudes。所幸的是，從1949年上海解放時，園內(nèi)的主要景點尚完好無損。豫園原為明代一位大官的私家花園，始建于1559年，直到20年后才建成?；▓@設(shè)計獨特，具有明清兩代南方的建筑藝術(shù)的風(fēng)格。另外，還需提出的是，漢譯英中一直喜歡考察大家對于四字詞語的處理方法，我們在課堂中也有專門講解，當(dāng)然，更需要大家持續(xù)不斷的積累，比如本次考試中出現(xiàn)的“豐富多彩”“日新月異”“兼容并蓄”“歷史華章”等，應(yīng)該算是老朋友，做到脫口而出了。其次，在翻譯漢譯英的時候一定要善于去發(fā)現(xiàn)句子的真正主語，比如第一段的第二句，真正的主語應(yīng)該是“150年”；第二段的第二句，真正主語為“老城區(qū)”而非字面上的“兼容并蓄”。在語言處理方面，我們希望大家還是要把握基本原則，即“找出言外之意的邏輯”。Various and colorful folk cultures have gained popularity in and out of Shanghai’s old town, which has been proved in the famous “The Painting Scroll of Local Residents in Shanghai’s Old Town”, a vivid depiction of the lives of local residents in every the everchanging advances of Shanghai, its old town, an inclusive bination of ancient and modern civilization, will still serve as a glorious chapter in the history of the development of Shanghai ：今年的漢譯英也擺脫了過去三次考試的小品文，終于回歸了主旋律，介紹了關(guān)于上海地區(qū)的文化特色。著名的“上海老城人物風(fēng)情畫卷”生動地描繪了上海老城市民的生活百態(tài)。上海建城有700多年歷史，但最具人文發(fā)展歷史的時期是開埠后的150年間，諸如華洋雜居、石庫門、老字號等等，都發(fā)生在開埠后的上海。如： 第二個句子中末尾的on a daily basis, mainly through the price system在翻譯中必須前置在漢語的謂語動詞之前；dynamic interaction根據(jù)上下文及單詞本身的意義，可以猜測出“能動”的意思；再如，Government, at the federal, state, and local level, seeks to promote public security, assure reasonable petition, and provide a range of services believed to be better performed by public rather than private ，我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)后方的believed to be…是一個分詞作后置定語，根據(jù)我們在英譯漢第一講最后提到的技巧，這里應(yīng)該用上分割單獨成句法，同理，后方的定語從句也要使用相同的手法處理。其實這個主題一直是我們在課堂中練習(xí)和強調(diào)最多的，而且它和“小白本”（《中級翻譯教程》）第三單元第一課《混合經(jīng)濟：美國的經(jīng)濟制度》相關(guān)度非常高，相信大家一定會覺得很熟悉。簡評：經(jīng)歷了三次考試的小品文調(diào)整后，如同我們課堂中所預(yù)測的那樣，今年秋季的考試題目終于回歸了正常的軌道。那些人作為股東，可以隨時在公開市場上買賣他們所持有的股票。Generally, there are three kinds of enterprises: singleowner operated businesses, partnerships and first two are important, but it is the latter structure that best permits the amassing of large sums of money by bining the investments of many people who, as stockholders, can buy and sell their shares of the business at any time on the open make largescale enterprises ，企業(yè)分為三種：個體業(yè)主開辦經(jīng)營的企業(yè)、合伙企業(yè)和股份公司。As a rule, consumers look for the best values for what they spend while producers seek the best price and profit for what they have to , at the federal, state, and local level, seeks to promote public security, assure reasonable petition, and provide a range of services believed to be better performed by public rather than private ，消費者總希望他們說花費的錢能夠獲得最大的價值；另一方面，生產(chǎn)者渴望能從他們所銷售的商品中尋求最高的價格和利潤。正是這三者之間的能動關(guān)系才使經(jīng)濟得以運轉(zhuǎn)。譯文：With the approaching of 2010, the ringing of bells in 24 time zones around the globe echoes one after another, announcing the lapse of the first decade in the new millennium and the start of another 10 the past ten years, China’s economy maintained a successive 9% increase for nine years since the beginning of the 21st century and still a 8% growth in the last