環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估的原則培訓(xùn)課件-文庫吧資料
2025-02-10 19:36本頁面
【正文】 評(píng)估框架 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估論壇 , 美國環(huán)保局部 (1992) 環(huán)保局 /630/R92/00 ? Guidelines for Ecological Risk Assessment Risk Assessment Forum, USEPA (1998) EPA/630/R95/002F 環(huán)保風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估綱要 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估論壇 , 美國環(huán)保局部 (1992) 環(huán)保局 /630/R92/00 Keys to Regulatory Success 管理成功的關(guān)鍵 ? Use an ERA framework 利用環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估的框架 ? Flexibility – the casebycase paradigm 靈活性 個(gè)案不同原則 ? Focus – use of problem formulation to prioritize concerns 焦點(diǎn) 利用問題組建有限考慮焦點(diǎn) ? Emphasis – consequential concerns 重點(diǎn) 對(duì)結(jié)果的關(guān)注 Principles of ERA have been developed and in use for about 25 years 環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估的原則 已經(jīng)在美國發(fā)展和應(yīng)用了二十五年 Framework approach 框架的形成 ? a hypothetical description of a plex process 一個(gè)復(fù)雜 過程 的假設(shè)性描述 ? a logical process for anizing plex information 一個(gè)組織復(fù)雜信息的邏輯 過程 ? a road map 一個(gè)總體的計(jì)劃 Goals of ERA Framework 環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估結(jié)構(gòu)的目標(biāo) (Bartenhouse, 2023) ? develop a unified conceptual approach to environmental assessment 發(fā)展一個(gè)統(tǒng)一概念性方法來評(píng)估環(huán)境 ? facilitate cooperation/collaboration between assessmentrelated disciplines 在評(píng)估相關(guān)的原則方面幫助建立合作 ? increase transparency of risk assessments to users (risk managers) 對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理者增加風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估的透明度 ? provide standardized tools techniques 提供統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的工具和技術(shù) ? dispel perception that ecological risk assessment is impossible 推翻認(rèn)為環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估不可能的錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn) The risk assessment process 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估步驟 Hazard Identification 危害的辨別 Measures of Effects 測量結(jié)果 Risk Characterization 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)描述 Exposure Assessment 暴露的評(píng)估 Problem Formulation 問題建立 Risk Conclusion 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)結(jié)論 Exposure Characterization 暴露描述 Effects Characterization 結(jié)果描述 ERA for GE crops … 對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)基因農(nóng)作物的環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估 ? is consistent with the framework for RA 和危險(xiǎn)評(píng)估的框架是一致的 ? however, plexities exist due to 但是 , 還存在著復(fù)雜性 , 因?yàn)? ? relatively recent technology 比較前沿的技術(shù) ? biological information is not fully quantifiable 生物信息沒有完全的得到認(rèn)證 ? two perspectives as to concerns 還要需要考慮的兩方面 ? effect of stressor on individuals and populations 刺激對(duì)個(gè)人和群體的影響 ? effect of deployment on populations and munities 對(duì)群體和社區(qū)發(fā)展的影響 General philosophy toward ERA for GE crops 對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)基因農(nóng)作物進(jìn)行環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估的一般性原理 ? weight of evidence based on prehensive evaluation of data 證據(jù)的權(quán)重建立在對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)的綜合評(píng)價(jià)上 ? proceed from general understanding to specific entities of concern 從總體理解到具體事例的前進(jìn) ? support findings with quantitative data and analyses to the fullest extent possible 利用量化的數(shù)據(jù)分析全面各種可能性 ,從而支持新的發(fā)現(xiàn) ? risk based findings focus on harm that may be manifested at environmentally relevant exposures 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)側(cè)重于在環(huán)境相關(guān)的暴露后引起的危害性 ? seek a determination of reasonable certainty of no harm to the environment 尋找合理對(duì)環(huán)境無害的方法 ERA for GE Crops 對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)基因農(nóng)作物的環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估 ? weightofevidence 事實(shí)的分量 ? holis
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