【正文】
得非常容易。 20世紀(jì)90年代,出現(xiàn)了包括市場(chǎng)預(yù)測(cè)、生產(chǎn)決策、產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)與制造和銷售等全過程均由計(jì)算機(jī)集成管理和控制的計(jì)算機(jī)集成制造系統(tǒng)CIMS。DNC群控技術(shù)是 FMS柔性制造技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ),現(xiàn)代數(shù)控機(jī)床上的DNC接口就是機(jī)床數(shù)控裝置與通用計(jì)算機(jī)之間進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)傳送及通訊控制用的,也是數(shù)控機(jī)床之間實(shí)現(xiàn)通訊用的接口。 DNC(直接數(shù)控)技術(shù)始于20世紀(jì)60年代末期。 1976年美國Lockhead公司開始使用圖像編程。 1968年英國首次將多臺(tái)數(shù)控機(jī)床、無人化搬運(yùn)小車和自動(dòng)倉庫在計(jì)算機(jī)控制下連接成自動(dòng)加工系統(tǒng),這就是柔性制造系統(tǒng)FMS。 1959年美國Keaneyamp。目錄畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書(1)開題報(bào)告(3)譯文(7)目錄(13)一論文(一) 數(shù)控加工技術(shù)的發(fā)展史(14)(二) 數(shù)控加工工藝的相關(guān)概念(17)(三) 零件加工工藝性分析及總體加工工藝安排(19)(四) 零件加工工藝過程分析與設(shè)計(jì)(24)(五) 刀具設(shè)備的的選用、裝夾方案及工藝參數(shù)的確定、數(shù) 控加工工藝卡片(29)(六) Mastercam繪圖及程序編制清單(32)(七) 參考文獻(xiàn)(37)(八) 致謝(38) 論文 (一)數(shù)控加工技術(shù)的發(fā)展歷程 1949年美國Parson公司與麻省理工學(xué)院開始合作,歷時(shí)三年研制出能進(jìn)行三軸控制的數(shù)控銑床樣機(jī),取名“Numerical Control”。 為更好理解控制單元的作用,可將它與撥號(hào)電話進(jìn)行比較,即每撥一個(gè)數(shù)字,就儲(chǔ)存一個(gè),當(dāng)整個(gè)數(shù)字撥好后,電話就被激活,也就完成了呼叫。 雖然紙帶上的數(shù)據(jù)是自動(dòng)進(jìn)給的,但實(shí)際編程卻是手工完成的,在編碼紙帶做好前,編程者經(jīng)常要和一個(gè)計(jì)劃人員或工藝工程師一起工作,選擇合適的數(shù)控機(jī)床,決定加工材料,計(jì)算切削速度和進(jìn)給速度,決定所需刀具類型,仔細(xì)閱讀零件圖上尺寸,定下合適的程序開始的零參考點(diǎn),然后寫出程序清單,其上記載有描述加工順序的編碼數(shù)控指令,機(jī)床按順序加工工件到圖樣要求。紙帶制造很少不出錯(cuò),錯(cuò)誤可能由編程、卡片穿孔或編碼、紙帶穿孔時(shí)的物理損害等形成。此時(shí),操作者只是簡單地上、下工件。帶有程序的長帶子像電影膠片一樣繞在盤子上,相對(duì)較短的帶子上的程序可通過將紙帶兩端連接形成一個(gè)循環(huán)而連續(xù)不斷地重復(fù)使用。每一個(gè)程序塊代表一種加工功能、一種操作或兩者的組合。 幾乎所有情況下,信息都是通過卡片、穿孔紙帶或磁帶自動(dòng)提供給控制單元。在大多數(shù)情況下,按鈕、開關(guān)和其他類似的旋鈕是數(shù)據(jù)輸入元件。人工輸入裝置有鍵盤,撥號(hào)盤,按鈕,開關(guān)或撥輪選擇開關(guān),這些都位于機(jī)床附近的一個(gè)控制臺(tái)上。 數(shù)據(jù)輸人裝置,也稱“人機(jī)聯(lián)系裝置”,可用人工或全自動(dòng)方法向機(jī)床提供數(shù)據(jù)。這種機(jī)床主要用于直線切削或鉆孔、鏜孔等場(chǎng)合。 數(shù)控機(jī)床有兩種基本形式:點(diǎn)位控制和連續(xù)控制(也稱為輪廓控制)。當(dāng)工件改變時(shí),指令程序就改變。四.課題研究的進(jìn)度序號(hào)起止時(shí)間計(jì)劃完成內(nèi)容1.12—17文獻(xiàn)搜集、譯文、撰寫開題報(bào)告2—零件加工工藝分析3—零件加工工藝分析與設(shè)計(jì)過程4—刀具、設(shè)備、夾具的選用數(shù)控加工工藝卡片5—程序設(shè)計(jì)6—試制加工、工藝評(píng)估8—資料整理、論文答辯五.參考書目 《數(shù)控加工工藝規(guī)劃》《機(jī)械加工工藝手冊(cè)》《金屬切削刀具》《機(jī)械加工工藝設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)》《機(jī)械制造基礎(chǔ)》《數(shù)控編程與加工技術(shù)》譯文NUMERICAL CONTROL數(shù)控技術(shù) NUMERICAL CONTROLNUMERICAL Numerical control(N/C)is a form of programmable automation in which the processing equipment is controlled by means of numbers,letters,and other symbols.The numbers,letters,and symbols are coded in an appropriate format to define a program of instructions for a particular workpart or job.When the job changes,the program of instructions is changed.The capability to change the program is what makes N/C suitable for lowand mediumvolume production.It is much easier to write programs than to make major alterations of the processing equipment. There are two basic types of numerically controlled machine tools:point—to—point and continuous—path(also called contouring).Point—to—point machines use unsynchronized motors,with the result that the position of the machining head Can be assured only upon pletion of a movement,or while only one motor is running.Machines of this type are principally used for straight—line cuts or for drilling or boring. The N/C system consists of the following ponents:data input,the tape reader with the control unit,feedback devices,and the metal—cutting machine tool or other type of N/C equipment. Data input,also called“man—to—control link”,may be provided to the machine tool manually,or entirely by automatic means.Manual methods when used as the sole source of input data are restricted to a relatively small number of inputs.Examples of manually operated devices are keyboard dials,pushbuttons,switches,or thumbwheel selectors.These are located on a console near the machine.Dials ale analog devices usually connected to a synchrotype resolver or potentiometer.In most cases,pushbuttons,switches,and other similar types of selectors aye digital input devices.Manual input requires that the operator set the controls for each operation.It is a slow and tedious process and is seldom justified except in elementary machining applications or in special cases. In practically all cases,information is automatically