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a. Who broke the vase?誰(shuí)打碎了花瓶? b. 。說(shuō)明:在復(fù)合句中,如果主句和從句主語(yǔ)相同,代詞主語(yǔ)要用在從句中,名詞主語(yǔ)用在主句中,例如:When he arrived, John went straight to the bank.約翰一到就直接去銀行了。分子大于1時(shí),分子的序數(shù)詞用單數(shù),分母序數(shù)詞用復(fù)數(shù):1/3 onethird ; 3/37 three and threesevenths高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)大全之代詞人稱代詞的用法 1)人稱代詞的主格在句子中作主語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ),例如:John waited a while but eventually he went home.約翰等了一會(huì)兒,最后他回家了。 d. 還可以用by+倍數(shù),表示增加多少倍 The production of grain has been increased by four times this year. 今年糧食產(chǎn)量增加了4倍。 b. 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+倍數(shù)(分?jǐn)?shù))+ the size (amount,length…) of…[來(lái)源:學(xué)科網(wǎng)ZXXK]The earth is 49 times the size of the 。一、基數(shù)詞1)基數(shù)詞寫法和讀法: 345three hundred and fortyfive;2)基數(shù)詞一般是單數(shù)形式,但下列情況,常用復(fù)數(shù): a. 與of 短語(yǔ)連用,表示概數(shù),不能與具體數(shù)目連 用,如scores of people 指許多人; 一排或一組的詞組里;如:They arrived in twos and 。[來(lái)源:] 數(shù)詞 表示數(shù)目多少或順序多少的詞叫數(shù)詞,數(shù)詞分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞。2) 定冠詞位置定冠詞通常位于名詞或名詞修飾語(yǔ)前,但放在all, both,double,half,twice,three times等詞之后,名詞之前。如:quite a lot [來(lái)源:學(xué)+科+網(wǎng)]d. 在as,though 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中,當(dāng)標(biāo)語(yǔ)為形容詞修飾的名詞時(shí),不定冠詞放形容詞后: Brave a man though he is,he trembles at the sight of snakes. 他盡管勇敢,可見(jiàn)到蛇還是發(fā)抖。注意:a. 位于下列形容詞之后: such,what,many,half, I have never seen such an animal. Many a man is fit for the job.b. 當(dāng)名詞前的形容詞被副詞as, so, too, how, however, enough修飾時(shí),不定冠詞應(yīng)放在形容詞之后: It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent. So short a time. Too long a distance.c. quite,rather與單數(shù)名詞連用,冠詞放在其后。He raises a black and white 。The black and the white cats are 。9)當(dāng)by 與火車等交通工具連用,表示一種方式時(shí),中間無(wú)冠詞;by bus,by train; 10)有些個(gè)體名詞不用冠詞;如:school,college,prison,market,hospital,bed,table,class,town,church,court 等個(gè)體名詞,直接置于介詞后,表示該名詞的深層含義;go to hospital去醫(yī)院看病go to the hospital去醫(yī)院 (并不是去看病,而是有其他目的)11)不用冠詞的序數(shù)詞;a. 序數(shù)詞前有物主代詞 b. 序數(shù)詞作副詞He came first in the race.c. 在固定詞組中at (the) first, first of all, from first to last 冠詞與形容詞+名詞結(jié)構(gòu) 1) 兩個(gè)形容詞都有冠詞,表示兩個(gè)不同東西。7)在三餐、球類運(yùn)動(dòng)和娛樂(lè)運(yùn)動(dòng)的名稱前,不加冠詞 如:have breakfast,play chess 8)當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上名詞并用時(shí),常省去冠詞;I can39。K]We go to school from Monday to 。X。科。4)物質(zhì)名詞表示一般概念時(shí),通常不加冠詞,當(dāng)表示特定的意思時(shí),需要加定冠詞;Man cannot live without 。10) 用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞之前,表示一家人:the Greens格林一家人 (或格林夫婦)11) 用在慣用語(yǔ)中:in the day, in the morning (afternoon,evening),the day after tomorrowthe day before yesterday, the next morning,in the sky (water,field,country)in the dark, in the rain, in the distance,in the middle (of),in the end,on the whole, by the way, go to the theatre 零冠詞的用法 1) 國(guó)名,人名前通常不用定冠詞:England,Mary;2)泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,表示一類人或事物時(shí),可不用定冠詞;They are teachers. 他們是教師。8)用在某些由普通名詞構(gòu)成的國(guó)家名稱、機(jī)關(guān)團(tuán)體、階級(jí)、等專有名詞前:the People39。ve been looking 。[來(lái)源:學(xué)科網(wǎng)] That39。 the living 生者。3)指世上獨(dú)一物二的事物:the sun, the sky, the moon, the earth 4)單數(shù)名詞連用表示一類事物,如:the dollar 美元。ve been to the house. 他買了幢房子。1)特指雙方都明白的人或物: Take the 。 A knife is a tool for cutting with. Mr. Smith is an engineer.3) 詞組或成語(yǔ)。1) 表示一個(gè),意為one;指某人或某物,意為a certain。不定冠詞a (an)與數(shù)詞one 同源,是一個(gè)的意思。s absence高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)大全之冠詞和數(shù)詞不定冠詞的用法 冠詞是虛詞,本身不能單獨(dú)使用,也沒(méi)有詞義,它用在名詞的前面,幫助指明名詞的含義。s 加在最后一個(gè)詞的詞尾。s room(兩間)John and Mary39。 如:John39。s,則表示39。5) 如果兩個(gè)名詞并列,并且分別有39。4) 在表示店鋪或教堂的名字或某人的家時(shí),名詞所有格的后面常常不出現(xiàn)它所修飾的名詞,如:the barber39。3) 凡不能加39。如:the workers39。s room 男廁所。s,如the boy39。名詞所有格的規(guī)則如下:1) 單數(shù)名詞詞尾加39。s來(lái)表示所有關(guān)系,帶這種詞尾的名詞形式稱為該名詞的所有格,如:a teacher39。 如:goods train (貨車) arms produce武器生產(chǎn) customs papers 海關(guān)文件 clothes brush衣刷4) 數(shù)詞+名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí),這個(gè)名詞一般保留單數(shù)形式。 如:sports meeting 運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì) students readingroom 學(xué)生閱覽室 talks table 談判桌 the foreign languages department 外語(yǔ)系 2) man, woman, gentleman等作定語(yǔ)時(shí),其單復(fù)數(shù)以所修飾的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。如:a glass of water 一杯水a(chǎn) piece of advice一條建議 定語(yǔ)名詞的復(fù)數(shù) 名詞作定語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù),但也有以下例外。2) 抽象名詞有時(shí)也可數(shù)。Our country is famous for tea. 我國(guó)因茶葉而聞名。 (可數(shù))b. 當(dāng)物質(zhì)名詞表示該物質(zhì)的種類時(shí),名詞可數(shù)。比較:Cake is a kind of 。 a pair of glasses。5) 表示由兩部分構(gòu)成的東西,如:glasses (眼鏡)trousers, clothes若表達(dá)具體數(shù)目,要借助數(shù)量詞 pair(對(duì),雙)。 d. 以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的書名,劇名,報(bào)紙,雜志名,也可視為單數(shù)。 c. the United States,the United Nations 應(yīng)視為單數(shù)。4)以s結(jié)尾,仍為單數(shù)的名詞,如: a. maths,politics,physics等學(xué)科名詞,為不可數(shù)名詞,是單數(shù)。如: people police cattle 等本身就是復(fù)數(shù),不能說(shuō) a people,a police,a cattle,但可以說(shuō)a person,a policeman,a head of cattle, the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名詞,表示國(guó)民總稱時(shí),作復(fù)數(shù)用。如:a dollar, two dollars。如: an Englishman,two Englishmen. 但German不是合成詞,故復(fù)數(shù)形式為Germans;Bowman是姓,其復(fù)數(shù)是the Bowmans。歸納一下,名詞的分類可以下圖表示:名[來(lái)源:]詞[來(lái)源:學(xué)科網(wǎng)ZXXK][來(lái)源:Z*xx*]專有名詞[來(lái)源:學(xué)科網(wǎng)][來(lái)源:]普通名詞個(gè)體名詞可數(shù)名詞集體名詞物質(zhì)名詞不可數(shù)名詞抽象名詞名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化 情況構(gòu)成方法讀音例詞一般情況加 s。4) 抽象名詞(Abstract Nouns):表示動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情等抽象概念,如:work。2) 集體名詞(Collective Nouns):表示若干個(gè)個(gè)體組成的集合體,如:family。普通名詞是一類人或東西或是一個(gè)抽象概念的名詞,如:book,sadness等。t +主語(yǔ)must 根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定感嘆句中 be +主語(yǔ)neither…nor, either…or 連接的并列主語(yǔ)根據(jù)其實(shí)際邏輯意義而定指示代詞或不定代詞everything, that, nothing, this主語(yǔ)用it并列復(fù)合句謂語(yǔ)根據(jù)鄰近從句的謂語(yǔ)而定定語(yǔ)從句,賓語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句[來(lái)源:學(xué)科網(wǎng)]根據(jù)主句的謂語(yǔ)而定think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引導(dǎo)與賓語(yǔ)從句相對(duì)應(yīng)的從句everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one復(fù)數(shù)they, 單數(shù)he情態(tài)動(dòng)詞dare或needdare, need 為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 need (dare ) +主語(yǔ)do +主語(yǔ)省去主語(yǔ)的祈使句 Let39。t +主語(yǔ)you39。t +主語(yǔ)had better + v.hadn39。t +主語(yǔ))used todidn39。t +主語(yǔ)have to+v.(had to+v.)don39。t it?快速記憶表陳述部分的謂語(yǔ)疑問(wèn)部分Iaren’t I[來(lái)源:學(xué)科網(wǎng)ZXXK]wishmay + 主語(yǔ)no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含義的詞肯定含義ought to(肯定的)shouldn39。He must be there now, isn39。It is impossible, isn39。There is something wrong with your watch, isn39。s 開(kāi)頭的祈使句,后用shall we?Let us 開(kāi)頭的祈使句,后用will you?Let39。t do that again, will you?Go with me, will you / won39。t dare to go home alone, does she?17)省去主語(yǔ)的祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句,疑問(wèn)部分用will you。We need not do it again, need we ?He dare not say so, dare you?當(dāng)dare, need 為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分用助動(dòng)詞do + 主語(yǔ)。Everyone knows the answer, don39。t think he is bright, is he?We believe she can do it better, can39。t he?c. 上述部分主句謂語(yǔ)是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,疑問(wèn)部分與賓語(yǔ)從句相對(duì)應(yīng)構(gòu)成反意疑問(wèn)句。Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn39。Everything is ready, isn39。t it?12)陳述部分由neither… nor, either… or 連接的并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)