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正確認(rèn)識無創(chuàng)正壓通氣在治療呼吸衰竭中的地位-文庫吧資料

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【正文】 : 中華結(jié)核和呼吸雜志 . 2022。 28:1233–1238 ICU p= 10 20 30 40 60 80 NIV Traditional 2 months p= 6 months p= Survival rates (%) 75% 38% 58% 21% 25% 16% NIV for AIDS patients with with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia 70 50 Immunosuppressed diseases 2022/6/23 40 Immunosuppressed diseases ?The reduced mortality is likely related to reduced infectious plications associated with NIV use pared with endotracheal intubation ?Ventilatorassociated pneumonia ?Other nosoial infections ?Septic shock ?These data support NIV as the preferred initial ventilatory modality for these patients, to avoid intubation and its associated risks. Intensive Care Med 1999。344:481487 Immunosuppressed diseases 2022/6/23 38 NIV vs. standard methods for immunosuppressed patients p= 50810102030405060708090N I V S t a n d a r dDeath rates in hospital (%) N Engl J Med. 2022。283:235241 Noninvasive ventilation for treatment of acute respiratory failure in patients undergoing solid an transplantation: a randomized trial 2022/6/23 36 Immunosuppressed diseases 與傳統(tǒng)治療比較, NIPPV 能夠顯著降低氣管插管率( 20% vs 70%, p=)、致死性并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率( 20% vs 50%, p=)、生存者 ICU住院時間( 20% vs 50%, p= ) 。 22: Suppl 47, 31s–37s Intensive Care Med. 2022。 35(10):2402–2407 2022/6/23 31 ? NPPV可改善心源性肺水腫患者的氣促癥狀,改善心功能,降低氣管插管率和病死率( A級) ? 首選 CPAP,而 BiPAP可應(yīng)用于 CPAP治療失敗和 PaCO245mmHg的患者 ? 目前多數(shù)研究結(jié)果認(rèn)為 BiPAP不增加心肌梗死的風(fēng)險,但對于急性冠狀動脈綜合征合并心力衰竭患者仍應(yīng)慎用 BiPAP Cardiogenic pulmonary edema (cont) 中華醫(yī)學(xué)會呼吸病分會推薦意見: 中華結(jié)核和呼吸雜志 . 2022。 29, 2388–2442 Class of remendation IIa, level of evidence B 2022/6/23 30 Cardiogenic pulmonary edema (cont) ? 如果患者合并有呼吸肌疲勞通過應(yīng)用 BiPAP給患者吸氣時有效的壓力支持增加肺泡有效通氣量會使病情進(jìn)一步好轉(zhuǎn) ? 但也應(yīng)注意因 BiPAP的人機同步問題和胸腔壓力的變化可能對患者帶來不良的影響 ? 因此在保守治療效果不佳的情況下心源性肺水腫患者應(yīng)首選 NIPPV治療,但是如果病情加重或 NIPPV療效不佳時應(yīng)積極采取有創(chuàng)機械通氣方式 Lancet. 2022。359:14251. Place: Emergency Department Interface: Fullface mask (CPAP or NIPPV) Aim: SaO292% 2022/6/23 28 Preface N Engl J Med. 2022。 10:R49 Comparison of CPAP and BiPAP 2022/6/23 26 Cardiogenic pulmonary edema (cont) Crit Care. 2022。 28。28。 57:192211 ? 因為 NIPPV不僅能改善氣體交換 ,而且通過促進(jìn)左心室后負(fù)荷下降從而具有改善心功能的作用。 32(2): 8698 ALI/ARDS (cont) 2022/6/23 22 Cardiogenic pulmonary edema ? 現(xiàn)有的研究已經(jīng)證明單純 CPAP即對多數(shù)合并有低氧血癥的因左心功能不全(主要是左室舒張功能不全)繼發(fā)心源性肺水腫患者具有明顯的療效,即使 CPAP無效轉(zhuǎn)而應(yīng)用 BiPAP還會使患者病情所有好轉(zhuǎn)( Grade B) Lancet. 2022。意識不清、休克、氣道自潔能力障礙的 ALI/ARDS 患者不宜應(yīng)用 NIV。 (B級 ) ? 合并免疫功能低下的 ALI/ARDS 患者早期可首先試用 NIV。 35(1):18 –25 In expert centers, NPPV applied as firstline intervention in ARDS avoided intubation in 54% of treated patients. In patients with SAPS 34, those with a PaO2/FIO2 175 after 1 hr of NPPV will likely benefit from continuation of NPPV 2022/6/23 18 ALI/ARDS (cont) Failure of noninvasive ventilation in patients with acute lung injury: observational cohort study Critical Care 2022, 10:R79 2022/6/23 19 ALI/ARDS (cont) Failure of noninvasive ventilation in patients with acute lung injury: observational cohort study Critical Care 2022, 10:R79 ? 在對沒有合并休克的的 ALI患者就氧合指數(shù)、代謝性酸堿指數(shù)和APACHEIII進(jìn)行多元逐步回歸分析,其中代謝性酸中毒( OR:
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