【正文】 threaten humanity and are not easily reversible. A sane environmentalism, the only kind of environmentalism that will strike a chord with the general public, begins by openly declaring that nature is here to serve human beings. A sane environmentalism is entirely a human focused regime: It calls upon humanity to preserve nature, but merely within the parameters of selfsurvival.臭氧損耗和溫室效應(yīng)是人類的災(zāi)難，而且是需要緊急處理的災(zāi)難，因為它們直接威脅到人類，且后果很難扭轉(zhuǎn)。s moderate climate?溫室效應(yīng)所可能引發(fā)的熱效應(yīng)是非常具有毀滅性的：冰川融化、海岸線被淹沒、氣候遭受破壞、平原干涸，最終食物消失殆盡。The possible thermal consequences of the greenhouse effect are far deadlier: melting ice caps, flooded coastlines, disrupted climate, dry plains and, ultimately, empty breadbaskets. The American Midwest feeds people at all corners of the atlas. With the planetary climate changes, are we prepared to see Iowa take on New Mexico39。臭氧損耗不僅與皮膚癌及眼疾有關(guān)，而且它還會破壞海洋生態(tài)。s ecology, the beginning of the food chain atop which we humans sit.例如，保護(hù)大氣層——阻止臭氧損耗及控制溫室效應(yīng)——是環(huán)境保護(hù)的必需品。它規(guī)定，對那些直接威脅人類健康與安全的生態(tài)變化采取應(yīng)對措施是環(huán)境保護(hù)的必需品，而其他則都屬于奢侈品。必需品則是指那些無論付出什么代價，都一定要去擁有的東西。首先要區(qū)分什么是環(huán)境奢侈品，什么是環(huán)境必需品。然而，既然從泰德?特納到喬治?，每個人都聲稱自己熱愛地球母親，那么，在由議員、選民之類的人以環(huán)境名義而提出的眾多的相互矛盾的提案、規(guī)章和法規(guī)中，我們又該如何做出選擇呢？顯而易見，并不是每一項冠以環(huán)境保護(hù)名義的事情都值得去做。而且，也許因為你的頭發(fā)和耳廓上粘著剃須膏，她會懷疑你根本沒有資格對任何人的外表給出主觀評價。但是，你也不能慷慨地大放空洞之詞，贊美她的鞋子和裙子是多么相配，因為她知道你是在說謊。re not qualified to voice a subjective opinion on anybody39。re lying. She has spent countless hours worrying about the differences between her looks and Cindy Crawford39。t shower her with empty pliments about how her shoes plement her dress nicely because she39。re a man, and a woman asks you how she looks, you can39。t notice when it only exposes women to prosecution from other women?女性參與這種極端的從眾行為，實際上是把自己置于其他女性的審視之下，因為只有那些女性才有資格評價她們所付出的努力。四十多年來，我在聽男性談?wù)撆詴r，從來沒有一次聽到過哪位男性這樣說：“她的指甲真漂亮??！”對大多數(shù)男性來說，像指甲這樣小的東西看起來都一樣，無論一個女士的指甲是用粉色指甲油涂得完美無瑕，還是光光的毫無修飾，男性都一概視而不見。s bare nails.當(dāng)然，女性會爭辯說她們對外表的熱衷追求是出于對來自男性的壓力的一種反應(yīng)。他們也許會對布拉德說：“是嗎？那么帥哥，你對草坪維護(hù)又知道多少？”O(jiān)f course women argue that they bee obsessed with appearance as a reaction to pressure from men. The truth is that most men think beauty is more than just lipstick and perfume and take no notice of these extra details. I have never once, in more than 40 years of listening to men talk about women, heard a man say, She had gorgeous fingernails! To most men, little things like fingernails are all homogeneous anyway, and one woman39。與女性不同，男性的外貌美不是社會所關(guān)注的唯一焦點。re encouraged to reach out to other characteristics to promote their selfesteem. They might say to Brad: Oh yeah? Well, what do you know about lawn care, pretty boy?我并不是說男性優(yōu)于女性。re not going to get a group of middleaged men to plaster cosmetics to themselves under the instruction of Brad Pitt in hopes of looking more like him. Men don39。m not saying that men are superior. I39?？墒菍θ魏我粋€理智的旁觀者來說，無論她們?nèi)绾握J(rèn)真地使用這些產(chǎn)品，她們都不可能擁有辛迪那樣的面容或膚色。辛迪要求這些中年婦女在臉上敷上黏土面膜和其他去皺產(chǎn)品；她還強(qiáng)調(diào)一定要遵守這些方法，例如：往臉上涂抹這些產(chǎn)品時，要用指尖，這樣可以保護(hù)皮膚的彈性。盡管如此，產(chǎn)值達(dá)幾十億美元的美容業(yè)，在超市化妝品銷售專區(qū)的配合下，總是在不停地攻擊著女性的自尊，使其相信自己只有購買最新的保濕面霜、古銅散粉，以及各種美容器具，才能“激發(fā)和恢復(fù)”肌膚活力。 she stressed how important it was to adhere to the guidelines, like applying products via the tips of their fingers to protect elasticity. All the women dutifully did this, even though it was obvious to any rational observer that, no matter how carefully they applied these products, they would never have Cindy Crawford39。這個玩偶盡管樣子不好看，但仍然非常自信。與女孩玩具的這種荒唐標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相比，小男孩們得到的“動作玩偶”卻是完全不同的模樣。女孩成長過程中擺弄的洋娃娃，如果按照身材比例還原為真人大小的話，就會是 7 英尺高，61 英磅重，大腿纖細(xì)，上身豐滿。t inborn, but created through the interaction of many plex psychological and societal factors, beginning with the dolls we give them as children. Girls grow up playing with dolls proportioned so that, if they were human, they would be seven feet tall and weigh 61 pounds, with tiny thighs and a large upper body. This is an absurd standard to live up to, especially when you consider the size of the doll39。她把身體上的極小的不完美之處加以放大，并且幻想這些缺點十分明顯，以至于全世界的人都會注意到并且嘲笑她?！币晃慌?，無論她看起來多么吸引人，她對自己的看法總是由于受美容業(yè)的影響而蒙著一層陰影。m beautiful, She magnifies the smallest imperfections in her body and imagines them as glaring flaws the whole world will notice and ridicule.女性可不是這樣看待自己的。對于一位男性來說，如果能花四分鐘刮刮胡子，結(jié)束之后再把粘到頭發(fā)上的剃須膏擦凈，又沒有出血太厲害，他就覺得自己已經(jīng)盡心盡力了。男性不是特別注重自己的外貌，也不會從美學(xué)的角度去審視自己。如果他們偶爾想到自己外表的話，他們愿意認(rèn)為自己樣貌中等。t bleeding too badly, he feels he39。 average is fine. They don39。Most men, I believe, are not arrogant about their looks. If the transient thought passes through their minds at all, they like to think of themselves as averagelooking. Being average doesn39。大多數(shù)男性對自己外表的評價在七年級時就形成了，而且終生不變。The problem is that men do not think of their looks in the same way women do. Most men form an opinion of themselves in seventh grade and stick to it for the rest of their lives. Some men think they39。相信我，這是最簡單的方法。You must be careful how you answer this question. The best technique is to form an honest yet sensitive response, then promptly excuse yourself for some kind of emergency. Trust me, this is the easiest way out. No amount of rehearsal will help you e up with the right answer.對于如何應(yīng)對這個問題，你一定得小心。是我讓他同意你們的協(xié)議的，這樣他就能擁有你的夾克！”Unit 2The confusing pursuit of beauty令人困惑的對美的追求If you39。再看看羅伯，一個肌肉發(fā)達(dá)的蠢材，一個有了上頓沒下頓的家伙。m more interested in a different petitioner Rob and I are back together.“我對另一位求愛者更感興趣――羅伯和我重歸于好了?！盜 leaped to my feet, my temper flaring up. Will you or will you not go out with me?我一下跳了起來，怒火中燒，“你到底愿不愿意做我的女朋友？”No to your proposition, she replied.“我不愿意，”她答道。你知道，學(xué)校里學(xué)的東西和實際生活根本沒有什么聯(lián)系。t have anything to do with real life.“你還真是能在遇到邏輯謬誤時一一辨別它們了，”我說，心里的希望已經(jīng)開始動搖。You certainly can discern a fallacy when you see it, I said, my hopes starting to crumble.But don39。請答應(yīng)做我的女朋友，沒有你我什么也不是。ll go out with me. I39。我決定改變策略，轉(zhuǎn)而嘗試奉承她的辦法。d learned her lessons too few more false steps would be my doom. I decided to change tactics and try flattery instead.我又笑了笑，不過不覺得那么有趣了，同時還不能表露出我害怕她學(xué)得太好了?？赡悴皇堑案猓闶莻€男孩。re a boy.“錯誤類比，”波莉立即回應(yīng)?！盕alse Analogy, said Polly promptly.Your premise is that dating is like eating. But you39。s good.我被逗得笑了起來，她功課還真學(xué)得不錯，大大超過了我的預(yù)期。d lea