【正文】 ly clay masks and other wrinkleremoving products to their faces。Why do women consider their looks so deficient? This chronic insecurity isn39。他們的打扮方式主要就是刮刮胡子，就像打理自家草坪一樣。t bother them。最好的對策就是給一個(gè)誠實(shí)但又謹(jǐn)慎的回答，然后借口有急事馬上脫身。Why? I demanded.“為什么？”我追問道.I39?！盇d Misericordiam, she said.“文不對題，”她說?！盜 laughed with somewhat less amusement, hiding my dread that she39。t have to eat a whole cake to know it39。t discuss fallacies.“波莉，”當(dāng)我們又一次坐在那棵橡樹下的時(shí)候我對她說，“今晚我們不討論邏輯謬誤了。t taking a test to see how much they have learned, but students are. The situations are altogether different. You can39。s sympathy Ad Misericordiam.“對，是挺可怕的，”我表示贊同地說，“但這不是理由。我把她送回家，并且定下了下一次約會交談的日子。所以你應(yīng)該說，運(yùn)動對大多數(shù)人來說是有益的?！盙reat,” she agreed.“好啊，”她表示同意。我們呆在車子里，我調(diào)低了音響并把腳從剎車上挪開。t dye her hair strange colors or wear too much makeup. She had the right background to be the girlfriend of a dogged, brilliant lawyer. If I could show the elite law firms I applied to that I had a radiant, wellspoken counterpart by my side, I just might edge past the petition.但她漂亮而且富有，也沒有把頭發(fā)染成奇怪的顏色或是化很濃的妝。t stand the idea of being the only football player who didn39。那一年校園里每個(gè)人都有件皮夾克，而羅伯是校足球隊(duì)員中唯一一個(gè)沒有皮夾克的，他一想到這個(gè)就受不了，于是他和我達(dá)成了一項(xiàng)協(xié)議，用他的女友換取我的夾克。After a banner day out, I drove until we were situated under a big old oak tree on a hill off the expressway. What I had in mind was a little eccentric. I thought the venue with a perfect view of the luminous city would lighten the mood. We stayed in the car, and I turned down the stereo and took my foot off the brake pedal. What are we going to talk about? she asked.在一起外出度過了美好的一天之后，我驅(qū)車來到了高速公路旁一座小山上一棵古老的大橡樹下。s look at the fallacy Dicto Simpliciter.“邏輯學(xué)的原理，”我說道，“即清晰思考的主要原則。s too simple a generalization. If you have, say, heart disease or extreme obesity, exercise is bad, not good. Therefore, you must say exercise is good for most people.我看得出她沒弄明白。”Really? said Polly, amazed. Nobody?“是嗎？”波莉吃驚地說。Yes, it’s awful, I agreed, but it39?！盜 like that idea, she said.“我喜歡這個(gè)主意，”她說。With five nights of diligent work, I actually made a logician out of Polly. She was an analytical thinker at last. The time had e for the conversion of our relationship from academic to romantic.經(jīng)過五個(gè)夜晚的辛勤努力，我竟然真的將波莉打造成了一個(gè)邏輯行家，她總算能夠分析思考了。t you think?“草率結(jié)論，”波莉伶俐地說，“或者是按一般人的說法，這個(gè)結(jié)論有些不成熟，你不這樣認(rèn)為嗎？”39。re a boy.“錯誤類比，”波莉立即回應(yīng)。ll go out with me. I39。你知道，學(xué)校里學(xué)的東西和實(shí)際生活根本沒有什么聯(lián)系。是我讓他同意你們的協(xié)議的，這樣他就能擁有你的夾克！”Unit 2The confusing pursuit of beauty令人困惑的對美的追求If you39。大多數(shù)男性對自己外表的評價(jià)在七年級時(shí)就形成了，而且終生不變。如果他們偶爾想到自己外表的話，他們愿意認(rèn)為自己樣貌中等。”一位女士，無論她看起來多么吸引人，她對自己的看法總是由于受美容業(yè)的影響而蒙著一層陰影。與女孩玩具的這種荒唐標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相比，小男孩們得到的“動作玩偶”卻是完全不同的模樣。辛迪要求這些中年婦女在臉上敷上黏土面膜和其他去皺產(chǎn)品；她還強(qiáng)調(diào)一定要遵守這些方法，例如：往臉上涂抹這些產(chǎn)品時(shí)，要用指尖，這樣可以保護(hù)皮膚的彈性。re encouraged to reach out to other characteristics to promote their selfesteem. They might say to Brad: Oh yeah? Well, what do you know about lawn care, pretty boy?我并不是說男性優(yōu)于女性。四十多年來，我在聽男性談?wù)撆詴r(shí)，從來沒有一次聽到過哪位男性這樣說：“她的指甲真漂亮??！”對大多數(shù)男性來說，像指甲這樣小的東西看起來都一樣，無論一個(gè)女士的指甲是用粉色指甲油涂得完美無瑕，還是光光的毫無修飾，男性都一概視而不見。re lying. She has spent countless hours worrying about the differences between her looks and Cindy Crawford39。然而，既然從泰德?特納到喬治?，每個(gè)人都聲稱自己熱愛地球母親，那么，在由議員、選民之類的人以環(huán)境名義而提出的眾多的相互矛盾的提案、規(guī)章和法規(guī)中，我們又該如何做出選擇呢？顯而易見，并不是每一項(xiàng)冠以環(huán)境保護(hù)名義的事情都值得去做。s ecology, the beginning of the food chain atop which we humans sit.例如，保護(hù)大氣層——阻止臭氧損耗及控制溫室效應(yīng)——是環(huán)境保護(hù)的必需品。隨著全球氣候的變化，我們難道準(zhǔn)備看到衣阿華州變成新墨西哥州的沙漠氣候，而西伯利亞變成衣阿華州的溫和氣候嗎？Ozone depletion and the greenhouse effect are human disasters, and they are urgent because they directly threaten humanity and are not easily reversible. A sane environmentalism, the only kind of environmentalism that will strike a chord with the general public, begins by openly declaring that nature is here to serve human beings. A sane environmentalism is entirely a human focused regime: It calls upon humanity to preserve nature, but merely within the parameters of selfsurvival.臭氧損耗和溫室效應(yīng)是人類的災(zāi)難，而且是需要緊急處理的災(zāi)難，因?yàn)樗鼈冎苯油{到人類，且后果很難扭轉(zhuǎn)。當(dāng)龍卷風(fēng)肆虐堪薩斯州，當(dāng)瓢潑大雨襲擊孟加拉國，毀滅了整座整座的村莊，使幾百萬人失去家園的時(shí)候，我對自然的崇拜便停止了。美國確實(shí)需要征收高額的能源稅以減少能源消耗，但同時(shí)也需要生產(chǎn)更多的能源。如果他們的交配模式受到干擾，我會感到非常遺憾。如果為了保護(hù)斑點(diǎn)貓頭鷹而讓三萬伐木工家庭失去生計(jì)，我會選擇伐木工家庭（包括他們的鋸子和砍伐的木材），而不是貓頭鷹。當(dāng)人類棲息地的完整性（比如大氣層或維持地球核心的基本地質(zhì)狀況）受到威脅時(shí)，人類就必須立即調(diào)整自己的行為。s wife) pretends too hard to be a polite recipient! Why bother with such nominal courtesy? In the end, she always takes everything.有一次，在加州蒙特雷半島上用餐時(shí)，我母親私下悄悄地對我說：“嫂嫂想做個(gè)彬彬有禮的客人，但是裝得太厲害了！何必費(fèi)勁講究形式上的客套呢？到最后她還是什么都要。我不要了，真的不要了。t ask you again.我母親轉(zhuǎn)頭看著她兄長——一位經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的中國地方法官，這是他初次來看我們。中國人是如此“謹(jǐn)慎和謙虛”，文章開頭寫道，以至于他們都沒有詞語來表達(dá)“是”和“不是”。what? I39。”It seems that the more forceful proceedings always spilled over into Chinese: Not that way! You must wash rice so not a single grain is lost.似乎更加強(qiáng)硬的事情總是通過中文傾瀉出來：“不能那樣！你淘米的時(shí)候，必須一粒都不漏。如果一個(gè)人對此類現(xiàn)象不假思慮，他也許還會概括說，所有中國人都是通過委婉迂回的方式才能說到話題重點(diǎn)的。“如果人們認(rèn)為我們謙虛禮讓，就讓他們那樣想好了。I worry that the dominant society may see Chinese people from a limited perspective, hedging us in with the stereotype. I worry that the seemingly innocent stereotype may lead to actual intolerance and be part of the reason why there are few Chinese in top management positions, or in the main judiciary or political sectors. I worry about the power of language: If one says anything enough times, it might bee true, with or without malicious intent.我擔(dān)心主流社會可能會從一個(gè)狹隘的角度、以一種成見看待中國人。m suspicious of parisons between the two languages, as I notice the reciprocal challenges they each present. English speakers say Chinese is extremely difficult because different words can be denoted by very subtle variations in tone. English is often bracketed with the label of inconsistency, a language of too many broken rules.由于一直同時(shí)聽著中英文兩種語言，故而我對它們之間的任何對比總是心存懷疑，因?yàn)槲易⒁獾剿鼈兏髯远加袑Ψ剿鶝]有的難點(diǎn)。Do not question us when we call, they39。那些布娃娃的頭不停地上下晃動，似乎對一切都心滿意足，完全贊同。要是你不打破老一套的禮數(shù)說你要吃，他們就不會再問你了。預(yù)料到她就會這樣，就像月亮盈虧周期似的。為了證明她剛才的觀點(diǎn)，她手伸過桌子，把蒜香海鮮拼盤里的最后一個(gè)扇貝，連同牛腩排及黃瓜沙拉一起，遞給我從北京來的年長舅媽。但是，無論是哪種情況，其遵循的原則是一致的：保護(hù)環(huán)境，因?yàn)檫@是我們?nèi)祟惖沫h(huán)境。自然受我們的監(jiān)護(hù)，而不是我們的主人。是要保護(hù)馴鹿，還是要為了避免人們在戰(zhàn)爭中喪生而減少對石油的依賴，面對這一僵局，我每次都會選擇人類而不是馴鹿。我們沒有尋找安全的方法開采北極國家野生動物保護(hù)區(qū)地下的石油，這看上去是不符合情理的。s idea that Man is the measure of all things. In establ