【正文】
ulative strategy for volatile currencies is to purchase both a put option and a call option at the same exercise price. This is called a straddle. ? Long straddle=a long call and a long put on the same underlying asset and with the same exercise price. ? Short straddle=a short call and a short put on the same underlying asset and with the same exercise price. KT ST ST KT VT VT Long straddle Short straddle Combinations of options A Straddle option ? Here180。 ST$/163。 CallT$/163。 ST$/163。 ST$/163。 DST$/163。 DPutT$/163。 DCallT$/163。 DST$/163。 DPutT$/163。 DCallT$/163。 Inthe money Outofthe money Outofthe money Inthe money As in the previous slide, options are a zerosum game。 PutT$/163。 PutT$/163。 gains on one side are offset by losses on the other. Payoff profile of a put option at expiration Short put KT$/163。 KT$/163。 ST$/163。 CallT$/163。 ? to hedge potential expenses when bidding on projects。31,250 Canadian dollar CD50,000 Euro €62,500 Japanese yen 165。 = $163。1,000,000)($163。 = $163。 DV$/163。 DS$/163。, you will gain $50,000 on the underlying obligation but lose $50,000 on the forward contract. A forward hedge ? Wouldn’t it be nice to own an insurance policy against a rise in the exchange rate without a corresponding loss if exchange rates fall? Long pound forward +163。 = $163。, then purchasing 163。. - If the actual exchange rate is ST$/163。 ? The cash flow time line and the payoff profile of the forward contract are shown on the slide based on the forward rate of exchange is FT$/163。1 million in the forward market at the forward price F1$/163。 DS$/163。)= $1,500,000. ? In this case, the . pany has an unexpected loss of $50,000. Underlying transaction 163。 ) = (163。1 million obligation will cost CFT$ = (CFT163。) = $1,450,000. ? If the actual exchange rate is $163。 ]) = (163。. ? The expected amount due on this forward obligation is E[CFT$] = (E[CFT163。 = FT$/163。 圣經故事、橄欖壓榨機與荷蘭郁金香 Chapter Overview ? What is an option ? Option payoff profiles ? Combinations of options ? The determinants of currency option values ? Hedging with currency options A forward obligation Suppose a . pany has a forward obligation of 163。 同時,郁金香交易商通過支付給種植者一定數(shù)額的費用,以獲取以約定的最低價格購買球莖的權利(買權)。 這股投機狂潮卻開啟了期權交易的大門。在 17世紀 30年代的“荷蘭郁金香熱”時期,郁金香的一些品種堪稱歐洲最為昂貴的稀世花卉。這時,泰利斯執(zhí)行他的權利,將壓榨機以高價出租,結果賺了一大筆錢。 當然,他支付的價格也很低,因為當時沒有人認為有必要為了這些壓榨機來競價。泰利斯運用自己的天文知識在冬季就預測到橄欖在來年春天將獲得豐收。 據(jù)說,他是第一個利用期權交易致富的人。 圣經故事、橄欖壓榨機與荷蘭郁金香 —— 橄欖壓榨機故事。這一次,拉班沒有食言。雅克布照辦了,但是,他深愛的仍然是拉結。 創(chuàng)世記 》 第 29章曾經提到過,大約在公元前 1700年,雅克布用七年的勞動購買了一個準許他與拉班的女兒拉結結婚的期權。 Chapter 3 Derivative Securities for Currency Risk Management —— Currency Options and Options Markets —— 圣經故事。在 《 圣經 但是后來,拉班違約了,他強迫雅克布與自己的大女兒利亞結了婚。于是,他購買了另一個期權,即再勞動七年以換得與拉結結婚。最后,雅克布娶了兩個老婆,生了 12個兒子。古希臘的數(shù)學家和哲學家泰利斯在橄欖豐收之前利用期權獲得了低價使用橄欖壓榨機的權利。泰利斯生活在公元前 580年左右古希臘的米利塔斯市,位于今天土耳其的西南海岸。雖然沒有什么錢,然而他用自己所有的積蓄在冬季淡季就以低價取得了春季旺季所有壓榨機的使用權。當春天橄欖獲得大豐收時,每個人都想找到壓榨機。 圣經故事、橄欖壓榨機與荷蘭郁金香 —— 荷蘭郁金香故事。 1635年,那些珍貴品種的郁金香球莖供不應求,加上投機炒作,致使價格飛漲 20倍,成為最早有記載的泡沫經濟。郁金香交易商向種植者收取一筆費用,授予種植者按約定最高價格向該交易商出售郁金香球莖的權利(賣權)。 這種交易對于降低郁金香交易商和種植者的風險十分有用。1 million due at time T in four months. Current spot and forward rates are S0$/163。 = $163。 ])(E[ST$/163。1,000,000)($163。, then this 163。 )(ST$/163。1,000,000)($163。1,000,000 Currency exposure DV$/163。 A forward hedge ? This forward exposure can be hedged by buying pound sterling in the forward market, which in this case means simultaneously selling dollars forward. ? Buy 163。 = $163。 = $163。 = $163。1,000,000 at the forward price of FT$/163。 will save you $50,000 and offset your loss on the underlying exposure. - Conversely, if the pound falls to $163。1,000,000 $1,450,000 Exposure of forward contract DV$/163。 An option hedge ? A currency option is like onehalf of a forward contract ? the option holder gains if pound sterling rises ? the option holder does not