【正文】 Bisphenol A polycarbonate Insulin signaling ? ↑ blood sugar ? ↑ artery disease ? ↑ triglycerides Inflammation Oxidative stress Environmental Factors Disrupt Insulin Signaling, Drive Inflammatory Metabolism Endocrine Disruptors BPA, dioxins, PCBs, some pesticides Saturated fat High Glycemic Carbohydrates Air Pollution ↓Antioxidants ↓Omega3 Fructose Some Pesticides Lead, other heavy metals Altered Pathways Environment Drives Chronic Disease Environmental Factors Chronic Disease Built Environment Physical Activity Health Benefits of Physical Activity ? Reduced ongoing levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory burden. Brooks 2022, Attipoe 2022 ? Inversely associated with the risks of Alzheimer’s/dementia and cognitive decline. Rovio 2022 ? Subjects at risk for AD who walked 150 min. per week showed improvements in cognition while the control group showed no change from baseline at yrs. Lautenschlager 2022 Increasing physical activity at any age improves physical and emotional wellbeing. ? Walkable Cities Projects ? Community Gardens ?Farmer’s Markets ? Rails to Trails Livable Communities Enhance Healthy Aging Cuba lost fossil fuels? ↑biking, walking, local plantbased food ↑physical activity 50% ↓obesity 50% ↓mortality: DM 51%, CVD 35%, stroke 20%, all cause 18% Franco M et al. Impact of Energy Intake, Physical Activity, and Populationwide Weight Loss on Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes Mortality in Cuba, 19802022. AJE 166, 12。 paraquat?damage dopaminergic neurons in striatal region of brain Uversky VN 2022 Combinations of maneb and paraquat。 cardiovascular mortality, 22% ↓ cancer mortality**calculated from Sofi 08 73% Alzheimer?s mortality Scarmeas 07 ? 2530% ↓ Parkinson?s disease Gao 07 ? 78% ↓ childhood asthma maternal diet Chatzi 08 *10% low fat, vegetarian diet + exercise, stress reduction **For every 2 point increase in adherence (on a 9 point scale), risk reductions were observed of for all cause mortality, for CV mortality, for occurrence and mortality from neoplasm. To convey the implications of these findings, we have applied the risk reductions across a 9 point adherence scale to yield a calculated ~31% ↓ allcause amp。 Inflammatory Properties Antiinflammatory Evolutionary Recent marked Recent marked Recent marked Context decline increase increase ↓Omega3, (↑Omega6) Insulin signaling ? ↑ blood sugar ? ↑ artery disease ? ↑ triglycerides Inflammation Oxidative stress Novel Nutrients Disrupt Insulin Signaling, Drive Inflammatory Metabolism Saturated fat ↓Antioxidants High Glycemic Carbohydrates Fructose ? Increase risks saturated and trans fats high glycemic carbohydrates lack of fruits/vegetables/omega 3s excess omega 6s? ? Reduce risks fruits, vegetables omega 3s low glycemic carbohydrates Mediterranean diet Influence of Nutrition on Chronic Disease Benefits of MediterraneanType Diet on Chronic Disease Risk Clinical intervention studies ? 70% ↓ heart attacks, cardiac death amp。 115126. Insulin Signaling = Normal Metabolism Insulin signaling ?↓ blood sugar ?↓ artery disease ?↓ triglycerides Insulin signaling ? ↑ blood sugar ? ↑ artery disease ? ↑ triglycerides Inflammation Oxidative stress Disrupted Insulin Signaling = Inflammatory Metabolism Altered Pathways Environment Drives Chronic Disease Environmental Factors Chronic Disease Food Sy