慢性病的環(huán)境因素分析(參考版)
2025-01-11 06:20本頁(yè)面
【正文】 Ben Rohrer Primary authors of this presentation: Jill Stein MD, Ted Schettler MD, MPH Contributing Authors: Maye Thompson RN, PhD, Marybeth Palmigiano MPH, Maria Valenti. Illustrations by: Stephen Burdick Design Permission is granted to use this presentation or individual slides with proper acknowledgement and cited as from Environmental Threats to Healthy Aging by Stein, Schettler et al. The authors of the presentation do not authorize changes, and are not responsible for the accuracy of material if changes have been made. For more information contact: Greater Boston Physicians for Social Responsibility Additional References For Mediterranean Diet Slide 28 Additional Notes What’s Novel in the Western Diet? Slide 22 。 job creation ? Universal health care? disease prevention amp。 A Healthy Pla Major Illnesses Are Preventable Personal Actions to Profoundly Reduce Risks Personal Level – “Approaches to Healthy Living” ? Eat healthy – whole, fresh, unprocessed, plant based foods ? Avoid toxicants whenever possible ? Exercise ? Be socially engaged ? Localized, diversified and sustainable food production ? Clean, renewable energy ? ↓ air pollution, chemical exposures ? Mass transit that connects with bike paths and sidewalks can reduce air pollution amp。 Transportation Solutions: The Cuba Example Green Space Reduces Stress, Mortality, Improves Cognitive Function ?Shortens post surgical recovery time, reduces need for pain medications. Ulrich ?84 ?Attention deficits improve after a walk in the park. Effect = methylphenidate. Taylor ?08 ?Access to green space reduces the effect of poverty on mortality by ~50%. Mitchell ?08 Insulin signaling ? ↑ blood sugar ? ↑ artery disease ? ↑ triglycerides Inflammation Oxidative stress Environmental Factors Disrupt Insulin Signaling, Drive Inflammatory Metabolism Obesity Endocrine Disruptors BPA, dioxins, PCBs, some pesticides Inactivity Saturated fat High Glycemic Carbohydrates Air Pollution ↓Antioxidants ↓Omega3 Fructose Lead, other heavy metals Some Pesticides Altered Pathways Environment Drives Chronic Disease Environmental Factors Chronic Disease SocioEconomic Stress Depression, poverty, violence, inadequate health care Socioeconomic, Psychosocial Stressors ? Stress, depression? risk for CVD, AD Sesso, Kario, Ownby ? People with lower SE status are at risk for exposure to multiple environmental hazards? ↑damage. – Lead + stress ? ↑c(diǎn)ognitive impairment Glass 2022 – Lead + air pollution ?↑CV autonomic dysfunction Park 2022 People who live in neighborhoods that lack social cohesion, sidewalks, or safety limit their exercise and have an increased risk of depression and possibly obesity. Berke EM 07, Molnar BE 04 Effects of the Built Environment on Health Insulin signaling ? ↑ blood sugar ? ↑ artery disease ? ↑ triglycerides Inflammation Oxidative stress Environmental Factors Disrupt Insulin Signaling, Drive Inflammatory Metabolism Obesity Endocrine Disruptors BPA, dioxins, PCBs, some pesticides Inactivity Saturated fat High Glycemic Carbohydrates Air Pollution ↓Antioxidants ↓Omega3 Fructose Lead, other heavy metals Some Pesticides Stress Multiple Factors Interact to Influence Health amp。 insulin resistance at low levels (animals). AlansoMagdelena 2022, Wada 2022 ? 3fold ↑ Cardiovascular disease. Lang 2022 ? 2fold ↑ Insulin Resistance. Lang 2022
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