【正文】 stem/Diet Novel Nutrients Are Pervasive, Promote Inflammatory Metabolism What’s “Novel” in the Western Diet? “Hypothetical scheme of fat, fatty acid (ω6, ω3, trans and total) intake (as percentage of calories from fat) and intake of vitamins E and C (mg/d). Data were extrapolated from crosssectional analyses of contemporary huntergatherer populations and from longitudinal observations and their putative changes during the preceding 100 years [75].” From AP Simopoulos, The importance of the ratio of omega6/omega3 essential fatty acids. Biomedicine amp。 laboratory test: inflammatory cells amp。 disease. ? Environmental factors can alter natural pathways which in turn can lead to chronic disease. ? An ecological health framework considers the individual in the context of family, munity, society and ecosystem. Basic Principles Toxic exposures oxidative stress Obesity, hypertension, Cardiovascular disease, diabetes Alzheimer’s, dementia, Parkinson’s Low birth weight Early life experiences can influence laterlife health, disease Aging begins at conception Multiple Factors Interact to Influence Health amp。 35% adults, ~55%60 yrs Ford ES 05 ? Alzheimer’s disease – 189。 air and water pollution. – Industrialized food supply. – Destruction of critical natural habitats, stressing ecosystems. – Climate change. ? How we live, eat, work, play and socialize have substantially changed: – Built environments have increased social isolation for many people。 a healthy environment Scope amp。Environmental Drivers of Chronic Disease Based on the report Environmental Threats to Healthy Aging by Jill Stein MD, Ted Schettler MD, MPH, Maria Valenti and Ben Rohrer 2022 Greater Boston Physicians for Social Responsibility () and The Science and Environmental Health Network () What We Will Cover ? Environmental factors are key drivers of many mon chronic diseases ? Environmental factors alter key biological pathways leading to chronic disease ? Important environmental determinants of health include: Food system/nutrition and diet Toxic chemicals Built environment / physical activity Psychological amp。 socioeconomic stress ? Examples of cross cutting solutions for healthy people amp。 Context of the Problem ? A century of change in natural, built and social environments has caused major changes in the patterns and distribution of diseases. ? We are seeing dramatic increases in chronic diseases, and at younger ages, many of which, such as diabetes, are themselves risk factors for dementia. ? The over 65 population will nearly double by 2030 to more than 71 million, sharply increasing the number of people at risk of chronic diseases of aging like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, among others. ? Environmental factors play a key role in health across the lifespan. Thus they offer a major prevention opportunity. The Changing Environment and Disease Patterns ? During the past century, human activity has altered virtually all aspects of the world’s ecosystems: – Pervasive spread of synthetic chemicals。 reduced physical activity. – Growing ine gap increases disease risk. – Diseases of civilization obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension. Environment Drives Chronic Disease Western Disease Cluster ?Diabetes ?Obesity ?Abnormal Lipids ?Metabolic Syndrome ?Cardiovascular Disease ?Food system/Diet ?Fossil Fuels ?Socioeconomic Stress ?Chemicals ?Built Environment/ Transportation ?Inflammation ?Disrupted In