【正文】 存在著許多非正式群體，各群體相互之間存在著分歧，但這些群體內(nèi)部的凝聚力卻很強(qiáng)。這樣 做法最有可能產(chǎn)生的后果是什么？ B. 優(yōu)秀工程師由于意識(shí)到了自已的價(jià)值而產(chǎn)生跳槽思想，差一些的則會(huì)留在企業(yè) 某人對完成某項(xiàng)任務(wù)的把握性很大，因此他對干這項(xiàng)工作的積極性會(huì)（ C. 可能高也可能低 ） 某組織中設(shè)有一管理崗位，連續(xù)選任了幾位于部，結(jié)果都是由于難以勝任崗位要求而被中途免職。由于公司的產(chǎn)品種類越來越多，總裁感到難以繼續(xù)對所有產(chǎn)品部進(jìn)行有效的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。最近，公司發(fā)現(xiàn)營銷人同似乎有點(diǎn) 散漫，對公司的一些做法也有異議，但又長不到確切的原因。造成這種現(xiàn)象的原因是（ C. 公司沒有做到獎(jiǎng)人所需、形式多變 ）。由此可見： D. 該公司現(xiàn)在按業(yè)務(wù)性質(zhì)組織活動(dòng)， 5 年后將改為地區(qū)型組織結(jié)構(gòu)。其中，行政 業(yè)務(wù)部下設(shè)有國內(nèi)業(yè)務(wù)部和海外業(yè)務(wù)協(xié)調(diào)部。 對下屬采取信任的態(tài)度，并與他們共同制定計(jì)劃、設(shè)置目標(biāo)、改進(jìn)和檢查工作，這種領(lǐng)導(dǎo)風(fēng)格屬于什么類型？（ D. 參與式 ） 非管理層事務(wù)的增多會(huì)使管理幅度： C. 減少 弗洛依德認(rèn)為個(gè)性中不受社會(huì)道德規(guī)范約束的部分是（ B. 本我 ） 工作比較單純，不需要復(fù)雜的知識(shí)和技能，完成一項(xiàng)工作需要大家的配合，或從事連鎖性的工作，（ A. 同質(zhì)群體 ）可能達(dá)到最高的工作績效。這類環(huán)境是（ D. 復(fù)雜－動(dòng)態(tài)環(huán)境 ） 大型組織擁有的成員一般在多少人左右？（ C. １０００──４５０００人 ） 當(dāng)某種行為出現(xiàn)后，給予某種帶有強(qiáng)制性、威脅性的不利后果，以期減少這種行為出現(xiàn)的可能性或消除該行為，這種強(qiáng)化方式是（ A. 懲罰 ） 當(dāng)群體目標(biāo)和組織目標(biāo)協(xié)調(diào)一致時(shí)，凝聚力與生產(chǎn)率就會(huì)出現(xiàn)如下關(guān)系（ A. 高凝聚力高生產(chǎn)率 ） 當(dāng)群體目標(biāo)和組織目標(biāo)一致時(shí)，凝聚力與生產(chǎn)率的關(guān)系就會(huì)出現(xiàn)（ C. 高生產(chǎn)率高凝聚力 ） 當(dāng)一 個(gè)人在愛情問題上受到挫折后并未消沉，而是更加努力學(xué)習(xí)和工作，使工作做出了顯著的成績。但是反過來，如果 三個(gè)和尚 都很負(fù)責(zé)，結(jié)果也許會(huì)造成水滿為患。 the glorification of the act of painting itself as a means of visual munication。 the adoption of an approach to space in which all parts of the canvas played an equally vital role in the total work。 among other major abstract expressionists were such painters as Clyfford Still, Theodoros Stamos, Adolph Gottlieb, Helen Frankenthaler, Lee Krasner, and Esteban Vicente. Abstract expressionism presented a broad range of stylistic diversity within its largely, though not exclusively, nonrepresentational framework. For example, the expressive violence and activity in paintings by de Kooning or Pollock marked the opposite end of the pole from the simple, quiescent images of Mark Rothko. Basic to most abstract expressionist painting were the attention paid to surface qualities, ., qualities of brushstroke and texture。s turbulent yet elegant abstract paintings, which were created by spattering paint on huge canvases placed on the floor, brought abstract expressionism before a hostile public. Willem de Kooning39。 also called action painting and the New York school. It was the first important school in American painting to declare its independence from European styles and to influence the development of art abroad. Arshile Gorky first gave impetus to the movement. His paintings, derived at first from the art of Picasso, Mir243。 and there are some of each type in the brain. These terms are used because nicotine mimics the action of acetylcholine at nicotinic receptors, whereas muscarine, an alkaloid from the mushroom Amanita muscaria, mimics the action of acetylcholine at the muscarinic receptors. Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter produced by neurons referred to as cholinergic neurons. In the peripheral nervous system acetylcholine plays a role in skeletal muscle movement, as well as in the regulation of smooth muscle and cardiac muscle. In the central nervous system acetylcholine is believed to be involved in learning, memory, and mood. Acetylcholine is synthesized from choline and acetyl coenzyme A through the action of the enzyme choline acetyltransferase and bees packaged into membranebound vesicles . After the arrival of a nerve signal at the termination of an axon, the vesicles fuse with the cell membrane, causing the release of acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft . For the nerve signal to continue, acetylcholine must diffuse to another nearby neuron or muscle cell, where it will bind and activate a receptor protein. There are two main types of cholinergic receptors, nicotinic and muscarinic. Nicotinic receptors are located at synapses between two neurons and at synapses between neurons and skeletal muscle cells. Upon activation a nicotinic receptor acts as a channel for the movement of ions into and out of the neuron, directly resulting in depolarization of the neuron. Muscarinic receptors, located at the synapses of nerves with smooth or cardiac muscle, trigger a chain of chemical events referred to as signal transduction. For a cholinergic neuron to receive another impulse, acetylcholine must be released from the receptor to which it has bound. This will only happen if the concentration of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft is very low. Low synaptic concentrations of acetylcholine can be maintained via a hydrolysis reaction catalyzed by the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. This enzyme hydrolyzes acetylcholine into acetic acid and choline. If acetylcholinesterase activity is inhibited, the synaptic 1826+組織行為學(xué) 第 4 頁 共 10 頁 concentration of acetylcholine will remain higher than normal. If this inhibition is irreversible, as in the case of exposure to many nerve gases and some pesticides, sweating, bronchial constriction, convulsions