【正文】 ading to the tragedy. We can see that after her visiting her pseudo relatives, she was stab by the rose and she thought it was an omen of bad 7 luck. Hardy describes one scene that after Tess was raped by Alec, on her way back to home, she met a artisan of some sort, seeing his painting on the wall: “THY, DAMNATION, SLUMBERRETH, NOT.—— 2 PET.ⅱ .3,” The words entered Tess with accusatory horror. It was as if this man has known her recent history。 and likely enough It would lead to some noble gentleman marring her. In short, I know it.” From words above, we can see that it is actually Mrs. Durbeyfield who pushes her daughter to the pit of hell. “In the Durbeyfield countenances there was nothing of the red wrath that would have burnt upon the girl from parents more ambitious for her welfare.” It is her selfish parents that never regret to exchange Tess with fortune. “Why didn?t ye think of doing some good for your family instead o? thinking only of yourself? See how I?ve got to teave and slave, and your poor weak father with his heart clogged like a drippingpan. I did hope for something to e out o?this! To see what a pretty pair you and he made that day when you drove away together four months ago! See what he has given us —— all, as we thought, because we were his kin. But if he?s not, it must have been done because his love for?ee. And yet you?ve not got him to marry!” Secondly, Alec and Angel have very close relation with Tess?s fate. Alec filled his love to Tess with lust and desire while Angel make his love impure, mixing too much unreality. Alec, the typical goodfornothing young man from a wealthy family, is the direct killer of Tess. Once, he named himself Satan and actually he is an undisguised young ruffian pressing Tess by every means. He is a representative of dominating social might and “generally acknowledged truth”. For example, he sets a trap and seduces Tess. And then blames Tess using the allusion from the Bible .In addition, he forced Tess to be his mistress when Tess has no ability to feed her whole family by herself. And actually it is all for him that the pure Tess loses her virginity and mit a crime and loses her own life. The more important leading character in the novel to push Tess to death is Clare. It is so satirical that the hypocrite is named Angel. Ostensibly, he acts as an honest, upright, genial, cultured and elegant gentleman, and he never regrets to show his ardor to Tess. He seems to be an openminded intellectual. Unexpectedly, it is so “perfect” a young man who makes Tess heartbroken thoroughly. —— “Don?t, Tess。 he had good strength to work at times, but the times could not be relied on the coincide with the hours of requirement。 1 The Causes of the Tragedy Tess of D’Urberville by JI Lu Under the Supervision of YU Qun Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts English Program, Nanjing University Jinling College June 2020 2 Acknowledgements This paper is finished under the guide of my mentor— , she has given me some useful advisements and told me some ways of getting the information of the background knowledge. This is a great opportunity to express my respect to Ms YU. Moreover, thanks to my family, they support me a lot when I was feeling confusing. In addition, I am so grateful and I would like to thank my dear classmates for inspiring me to join into their sharing of experience of writing paper. Lastly, I have to declare that my elder fellow classmates also have given me some useful suggestion of how to write a good and valuable piece of paper. Thank you very much. ———— JI Lu 3 ABSTRACT My argument: Among those famous works of Hardy, Tess of the d’Urberville is the most and last excellent fulllength novel. It describes the raped country girl who is called Tess experienced a short period of tragic life. Though my study of the causes, I should get the reason why Hardy wants to create this poor woman and this kind of fatalistic story. Though my study, I want to get the knowledge of Hardy?s point of view of that period of time and what is his own weltanschauung. Methods and procedures: Method1: literature s