【正文】 Protection of Surface Waters from Wastewater Pollution‖, are dumped into open water bodies. As of today, the main problem of such facilities is the vast amount of wastewaters which are discharged in the process of production. These wastewaters flowing from extraction and refinement workshops are heavily polluted with organic substances (neutral fats, phospholipids, organic acids etc), both in dissolved condition and in the form of suspended solids and emulsion. It is not possible to dump such wastewaters into open water bodies without prior purification. The enterprise regarded it as economically unsound to neutralise discharges using sodium hydroxide because a lot of sodium hydroxide is needed while the water body would get even more polluted. Wastewaters are characterised by high degree of turbidity (dimness)。 對(duì) 于許多企業(yè)， 污水凈化成為一個(gè)嚴(yán)峻的問(wèn)題 。 這些受食用油生產(chǎn)企業(yè)產(chǎn)生的有機(jī)物污染的地表水成為重大的 生態(tài)危機(jī) 。 這些設(shè)施即使在最好的情況下 也只能減少部分 BOD（生物需氧量）值或者僅僅是讓水通過(guò)；最壞的情況是這些污水在排入水體前腐蝕這些設(shè)備并增強(qiáng)毒性。 therefore the purification facilities which are currently in operation are unable to clean them in pliance with sanitary requirements. A significant ecological danger es from the pollution of surface waters with organic substances which the wastewaters flowing from cooking oilproducing facilities contain. These substances, when dumped into water bodies, prompt the development of deposition processes, infect water bodies with pathogenic bacteria, cause water efflorescence and have an overall negative influence over fauna and flora. For many enterprises of the subject branch, purification of wastewaters presents a serious problem. 烏克 蘭 大部分的食用油生產(chǎn)企業(yè)不能凈化 工業(yè)污水 ， 排放 成千上萬(wàn)噸的污染物質(zhì) 進(jìn)入水體。 Most of Ukrainian oilproducing enterprises do not provide for purification of industrial wastewaters, dumping thousands of tonnes of polluting substances into the water bodies. The purification facilities which exist in some places were constructed a long time ago and had been designed with regard to the requirements of domestic wastewater purification. Such facilities, at best, partially decrease the value of general BOD (biological oxygen demand) or simply let the wastewater flow through。 未精煉的油從原料分離后，是過(guò)濾或沉淀下來(lái)，以便種皮 ,胚、果肉等可以去掉。 Oil refinement leads to full or partial removal of harmful substances. Depending upon the depth of purification, the following types of oil are produced: 食用油的提純導(dǎo)致全部或部分的有害物質(zhì)的被去除。 但是使 用化學(xué)物質(zhì)會(huì)使農(nóng)業(yè)和環(huán)境惡化， 原材料以及油中可能含有殺蟲(chóng)劑、有毒金屬、毒素、致癌苯并芘。這樣產(chǎn)生的脂肪必須用溶劑清洗然后精煉濃縮。 With the purpose of further study of ecological influence of production of the cooking oil, assessment of the condition of sewage water, we shall examine the technology of oil production. 我們進(jìn)一步對(duì)生產(chǎn)食用油產(chǎn)生的生態(tài)影響的研究是為了評(píng)估污水情況 ,檢查技術(shù)食用油的生產(chǎn)工藝。 Therefore, we are facing a crucially important task which foresees a more detailed examination of peculiarities of such valuable product as sunflower oil, bringing this production closer to the ecologically clean technologies whilst minimising the wastes of production. 因此 ,我們正在面臨著一個(gè)重要的任務(wù) , 更詳盡地預(yù)測(cè)如此有價(jià)值的向日葵花油的產(chǎn)品特性，促進(jìn)清潔生產(chǎn)同時(shí)減少產(chǎn)生的廢料。 In the latest years, Ukrainian vegetable oil market has bee increasingly more integrated into the global vegetable oil market. This is due to the fact that processes of international division of labour get deepened and Ukraine is being one of the world’s leading producers of sunflower seeds, sunflower oil, and groats. 最近幾年，烏克蘭的植物油市場(chǎng)日益融入全球植物油市場(chǎng)。今年向日葵的年產(chǎn)量達(dá) 400萬(wàn)多噸。這意味著控制排放的污水要比平時(shí)更嚴(yán)格地執(zhí)行來(lái)避免食品生產(chǎn)公司在這些 地區(qū)污染水庫(kù)。其中一個(gè)最重要的問(wèn)題是企業(yè)面臨的食品工業(yè) 污水 處理的問(wèn)題。這就可以實(shí)現(xiàn)無(wú)廢物生產(chǎn)技術(shù)、反復(fù)使用的原材料技術(shù)和使用二次 (再生 )資源技術(shù)的聯(lián)合工業(yè)。 Food industry is one of the most resourcedemanding branches of industry, therefore it is especially important to ensure rational usage of raw materials. In the processing subbranches of agricultural plex where the value of products is prised of material and energy expenditures, it is increasingly crucial to decrease the consumption of materials. This can be achieved by dint of wide implementation of nonwaste technologies, plex usage of raw materials and secondary(recycled) resources in bined industry. Another important aspect of the subject problem is ensuring of ecological safety of plants where the food products are produced as well as elimination of the influence of the wastes upon the environment. One of the most important problems which the food industry enterprises face is the problem of wastewater treatment. In Ukraine, foodproducing enterprises are mostly located in the West and the SouthWest