【正文】 FOOD INDUSTRY WASTEWATER TREATMENT 食品工業(yè) 污水 處理 Abstract The purpose of the present study is to assess the condition of wastewaters pertaining to the production of cooking oil and to develop an effective and lowcost method for purification of wastewaters and utilisation of other oil productionrelated wastes which would ply with environmental safety requirements. It was made a quality assessment in terms of content of polluting substances of cooking oilproduction wastewater. For identification of fat content (phospholipids) of wastewaters, the thinlayer chromatography method was applied. The basis of the proposed method for purification of wastewaters was a preliminary separation of clarified and neutralized wastewater by dint of calcium carbonate, subsequently sodium hypochlorite for water clarification and its additional neutralization was used. The presented method allows reaching a high degree of wastewater purification, being effective and lowcost. 摘要 本研究的目的是評(píng)估 生產(chǎn)食用油 污水 的情況和制定一個(gè)有效的、低成本的凈化方法 ，在遵守環(huán)保安全要求的情況下 利用其他含油污水和含油廢棄物，旨在按照質(zhì)量來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)烹調(diào) 產(chǎn)生的油類(lèi)污水 。其中薄層色譜法應(yīng)用于識(shí)別脂肪含量 (磷脂 )的污水。在該方法的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)污水的凈化是一個(gè)初步澄清分離 污水 中的碳酸鈣，隨后用次氯酸鈉澄清水，再添加中和劑的過(guò)程。本文所提出的方法可以達(dá)到一個(gè)高度凈化 污水 的目的，具有高效、低成本的特點(diǎn)。 Keywords: Cooking oil production wastewater。 phospholipids。 thinlayer chromatography。 wastewater purification。 wastewater treatment 關(guān)鍵詞 :食用油生產(chǎn) 污水 ；磷脂；薄層色譜法；污水凈化；污水處理 One of the main tendencies of development of food industry in the 21st century is the creation of useful and healthy products, the socalled functional food products. A specific feature of such products is that they contain ingredients which, besides their traditional nutrient and energys upplying function, also possess a range of specific physiological functions which help human organism to bat negative influence of civilisation. 創(chuàng)造這種有用的、健康的叫做功能性食品 的產(chǎn)品在二十一世紀(jì)成為一種食品工業(yè)上的主要發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。這種產(chǎn)品的特征是包含了某些材料，除了具有提供傳統(tǒng)養(yǎng)分和能量的功能，還具有一系列獨(dú)特的生理功能，有助于人體對(duì)抗負(fù)面影響。 Food industry is one of the most resourcedemanding branches of industry, therefore it is especially important to ensure rational usage of raw materials. In the processing subbranches of agricultural plex where the value of products is prised of material and energy expenditures, it is increasingly crucial to decrease the consumption of materials. This can be achieved by dint of wide implementation of nonwaste technologies, plex usage of raw materials and secondary(recycled) resources in bined industry. Another important aspect of the subject problem is ensuring of ecological safety of plants where the food products are produced as well as elimination of the influence of the wastes upon the environment. One of the most important problems which the food industry enterprises face is the problem of wastewater treatment. In Ukraine, foodproducing enterprises are mostly located in the West and the SouthWest which have a rich work of water bodies. This means that control over discharge of sewage water is to be exercised more strictly than usual and foodproducing panies in these regions are to be prevented from polluting the water reservoirs. 食品 企業(yè) 是對(duì)資源要求最高的產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)之一 ， 因此確保原材料的合理使用顯得尤為重要。農(nóng)業(yè)加工行業(yè)的凈價(jià)值由原材料和能量支出決定，而且越來(lái)越多的決定于原材料的消耗。這就可以實(shí)現(xiàn)無(wú)廢物生產(chǎn)技術(shù)、反復(fù)使用的原材料技術(shù)和使用二次 (再生 )資源技術(shù)的聯(lián)合工業(yè)。食品工廠在產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)和去除環(huán)境中廢物的過(guò)程中的主要問(wèn)題的另一個(gè)重要方面是確保生態(tài)安全。其中一個(gè)最重要的問(wèn)題是企業(yè)面臨的食品工業(yè) 污水 處理的問(wèn)題。在烏克蘭 , 食品生產(chǎn)企業(yè)主要分布在有豐富水體網(wǎng)絡(luò)的西部和西南部。這意味著控制排放的污水要比平時(shí)更嚴(yán)格地執(zhí)行來(lái)避免食品生產(chǎn)公司在這些 地區(qū)污染水庫(kù)。 Ukraine is one of the five main world producers of sunflower. Yearly output of sunflower amounted to more than 4 million tonnes in this year. Only Argentine ( m tonnes) produced more. 烏克蘭是世界五個(gè)主要向日葵生產(chǎn)地之一。今年向日葵的年產(chǎn)量達(dá) 400萬(wàn)多噸。比阿根廷 (萬(wàn)噸 )所產(chǎn)生的多得多。 In the latest years, Ukrainian vegetable oil market has bee increasingly more integrated into the global vegetable oil market. This is due to the fact that processes of international division of labour get deepened and Ukraine is being one of the world’s leading producers of sunflower seeds, sunflower oil, and groats. 最近幾年，烏克蘭的植物油市場(chǎng)日益融入全球植物油市場(chǎng)。這是由于這樣的事實(shí)，烏克蘭在國(guó)際分工的過(guò)程中得到深化，已經(jīng)成為世界領(lǐng)先的向日葵花種子、向日葵花油和燕麥的生產(chǎn)地。 Therefore, we are facing a crucially important task which foresees a more detailed examination of peculiarities of such valuable product as sunflower oil, bringing this production closer to the ecologically clean technologies whilst minimising the wastes of production. 因此 ,我們正在面臨著一個(gè)重要的任務(wù) , 更詳盡地預(yù)測(cè)如此有價(jià)值的向日葵花油的產(chǎn)品特性，促進(jìn)清潔生產(chǎn)同時(shí)減少產(chǎn)生的廢料。 Sunflower oil, alongside other vegetable oils, possesses a number of useful propert