【正文】
。 澄清的水接著進(jìn)行下一個(gè)階段的凈 化。如果我們分析 得 到的 實(shí)驗(yàn) 數(shù)據(jù) , 我們可以看到污染物大多集中在中和、凈化所產(chǎn)生的沉淀物中。然而,絕對(duì)重要的是這樣 凈化 的 成本 , 特別是考慮到國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的現(xiàn)狀。這證實(shí)了該技術(shù) 的有效性除去有機(jī)污染物。將收集到的沉淀溶解到 2毫升酒精 中 ,涂抹(數(shù)量 =50mcl)在感光片右下角;然后風(fēng)干、插入到色譜儀內(nèi)。 then airdries and inserted into the chromatographic chamber. 中和后 到達(dá) 所 需要的中性值 的 水 , 按上述 澄清, 繼續(xù)下一步 : 分離形成的沉積物質(zhì) ,特別是沉淀或仍殘留在上層 水中的磷脂。 當(dāng)次添加氯酸鈉到預(yù)先用碳酸鈣中和的水 中, PH到達(dá) 所 需要的中性值。同時(shí),觀察混合表面產(chǎn)生的 鱗片 。 Experiments were conducted using samples of wastewater, the aim of which was its purification from organic substances with the usage of active chlorine which was injected as part of sodium hypochlorite. To the initial wastewater (V = 100 ml) possessing PH value of , sodium hypochlorite had been being added until the colouring changed from darkbrown to stramineous, necessary quantity V (NaClO) = ml with concentration С (NaClO) = 10 % (vol.). Also, it is observed that flakes are formed as a result of the process taking place on the surface of the mix. These flakes subsequently deposit to the bottom. When sodium hypochlorite is added to the water which was preneutralised using calcium carbonate, the pH reaches the necessary neutral value. 實(shí) 驗(yàn)研究了 污水 樣品,目的是用含有一部分次氯酸鈉的次氯酸把有機(jī)物中提純。 — it can be used after enhancement of existing purification facilities。 — the reactant expenditure is not substantial。 具有很多 特別的 優(yōu)點(diǎn) : — it can easily be conducted and its reactant supply is not expensive。因此 ,該方法的基礎(chǔ)上 ,對(duì)污水的凈化 就 是初步 用碳酸鈣 分離和 沉淀, 隨后 用次氯酸鈉凈化及其中和的過(guò)程。實(shí)際水質(zhì)指標(biāo)就是凈化效果 。實(shí)驗(yàn)研究的主要目的 是確定 氧化劑的數(shù)量, 一方面保證氧化劑能清潔水中有機(jī)污染物,另一方面預(yù)防氧化劑過(guò)量。由于上述的過(guò)程中 PH值達(dá)到 ,所以將 50毫升水中。將 (體積 =)中 ,通入大量碳酸,觀察泡沫形成的厚層和硫酸鹽沉淀 (生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中使用的 )。 this also has its advantages with regard to rational usage of clean water for technological purposes. As a result of the process described above, we have reached a pH value of , having injected g of calcium carbonate into 50 ml of wastewater. 在主要水處理 階段,使用 化學(xué)試劑的方法 ,食用油工業(yè) 污水 使用廉 價(jià)、方便的碳酸鈣 (白堊 )作為材料。 10 溶血磷脂纖維醇 。 7 溶血卵磷脂 。 4 卵磷脂 。 2 磷脂酰乙醇胺 。 10 lysophosphatidylinositol。 6,7 lysophosphatidylcholine。 4 phosphatidyl inositol。 2 phosphatidylethanolamine。 磷脂顯示著各種 黃色的色譜圖。在通過(guò) F2溶劑后,將感光片再次移開(kāi)、風(fēng)干。 在 通過(guò) F1溶劑 后,將 感光片移開(kāi)、風(fēng)干。 clockwise pared to its initial placing, and again inserted into the chromatographic chamber filled with a system of solvents for Direction 2. After passing of F2 Solvent Front, the plate was removed and airdried. Then it was developed in an exsiccator saturated with iodine steam for about 15 minutes. The phospholipids manifested themselves on the chromatogram in the form of yellow stains. 經(jīng)過(guò)初步硫酸鹽中和和沉淀,污水(數(shù)量 =50mcl) 涂抹在感光片右下角。 方法 2: 氯仿 : 甲醇 : 醋酸 : 水 ; 比例 :8515103。 色譜分析法 在下列 溶液 中 : Direction 1: chloroform: methanol: 25 % aqueous solution of ammonium in the following proportions: 65252. Direction 2: chloroform: methanol: acetic acid: water。1 攝氏度,滿滿地放入完全隔絕空氣、光照的用瓶塞塞住的瓶子;用碘量滴定的體積表示恒溫培養(yǎng)期前后的濃度;水樣的濁度用分光光度法(濁度滴定法)。 concentration of dissolved oxygen before and after the incubation period was determined by the method of voluminal iodometric titration。1176。 incubation of the sample lasting a certain period of time (5 days) at t176。 15 9 PH值 mg/dm179。 7 脂肪 mg/dm179。 15 5 干殘?jiān)? mg/dm179。 3 磷酸鹽 mg/dm179。 編號(hào) 污水 指標(biāo) 品質(zhì) 計(jì)量單位 實(shí)際值 正常值 1 鐵 (總體 ) mg/dm179。 8 Biological demand5 (BOD5) oxygen mg/dm179。 200 6 Synthetic surface active mg/dm179。 4 Suspended substances mg/dm179。 2 Ammonia mg/dm179。 污水 的污染程度 取決于以下指標(biāo)(表 1)。 Experimental part 實(shí)驗(yàn)部分 In order to design a method for purification of the aforementioned wastewaters, we have conducted a series of experimental investigation. A quality assessment (in terms of content of polluting substances) of cooking oilproduction wastewater was made using physical and chemical methods of analysis. A degree of pollution of wastewater was determined in terms of the following indicators (Table 1). 為了設(shè)計(jì)出一種凈化 上述 污水 的方法,我們已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了一系列的實(shí) 驗(yàn)研究。 企業(yè)出于 經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題 的考慮 不會(huì)中和 排放的氫氧化鈉,雖然水體會(huì)造成更嚴(yán)重的污染,但是氫氧化鈉是必須的。這些來(lái)自提純和精煉的車間的污水 含有大量的有機(jī)污染物 (中性脂肪、磷脂、有機(jī)酸等 ),以 懸浮液和乳濁液 的形式溶解。因此, 不符合烏克蘭 ―關(guān)于保護(hù)環(huán)境 ‖和 ―保護(hù)地表水 污水 污染條例 ‖法律要求 的 污染 污水 排入開(kāi)放的水體。 As basis of our study, we have chosen the wastewaters dumped by those Ukrainian vegetable oil producing enterprises whose purification facilities are all but unused due to their technical deficiency. As a result of this, the polluted wastewaters, which do not correspond to the requirements of the Law of Ukraine ―About protection of environment‖ and ―Regulations for