【正文】 ies which make its consumption a lot more preferable than consumption of animal fat. 向日葵花油與其他植物油一樣，擁有許多有益的特性，比很多動物脂肪消耗的更多。 With the purpose of further study of ecological influence of production of the cooking oil, assessment of the condition of sewage water, we shall examine the technology of oil production. 我們進(jìn)一步對生產(chǎn)食用油產(chǎn)生的生態(tài)影響的研究是為了評估污水情況 ,檢查技術(shù)食用油的生產(chǎn)工藝。 Extraction method is applied owing to the solubility of fat in organic ether, hexane, and pentane. The fat which is produced in this manner must be cleansed of solvents and the fat is to be refined. 提取方法是 應(yīng)用于溶解性脂肪如有機(jī)醚、環(huán)己烷和 戊烷 。這樣產(chǎn)生的脂肪必須用溶劑清洗然后精煉濃縮。 The oil produced by way of pressing may be refined or not refined. But given the increased usage of chemicals in the agriculture and the deterioration of the environment, the raw materials as well as the oil may contain pesticides, toxic metals, mycotoxins, and carcinogenic benzopyrene. Because of this, scientists and specialists deem it that all kinds of oil must necessarily be subject to refinement whilst raw material is to be subject to sanitary and hygienic control, verifying the presence or absence of these substances. 通過壓榨產(chǎn)生的油可能是精煉的，也有可能不是。 但是使 用化學(xué)物質(zhì)會使農(nóng)業(yè)和環(huán)境惡化， 原材料以及油中可能含有殺蟲劑、有毒金屬、毒素、致癌苯并芘。 因此， 科學(xué)家們和專家認(rèn)為 這種油必須在安全和衛(wèi)生的控制下精制提純，核實(shí)不存在這些物質(zhì)。 Oil refinement leads to full or partial removal of harmful substances. Depending upon the depth of purification, the following types of oil are produced: 食用油的提純導(dǎo)致全部或部分的有害物質(zhì)的被去除。取決于純化的深度，以下類型食用油被生產(chǎn) : ? nonrefined (cleaned from mechanical admixtures) ? hydrated (cleaned from phosphatides) ? refined nondeodorised (cleaned from phosphatides, free fat acids, colouring agents) ? refined deodorised (refined oil cleaned from aromatic and flavouring substances, pesticides and carcinogens). After the nonrefined oil is separated from the raw material, it is to be filtered or left to settle, so that peelings, particles of seed coats, pulp etc can be removed. The nonrefined oil possesses colour, flavour, and smell which are peculiar to its mother raw material as well as all the corresponding substances (including the biologically active ones) which are native to it. ?未精煉的 (來自機(jī)械壓榨 ) ?水合物 (來自磷脂 ) ?精煉有臭味的 (來自磷脂，游離脂肪酸、著色劑 ) ?精煉無臭味的 (從香料和芳香物質(zhì) ,從殺蟲劑和致癌物質(zhì)清洗出來的精煉油 )。 未精煉的油從原料分離后，是過濾或沉淀下來，以便種皮 ,胚、果肉等可以去掉。有臭味的油具有的顏色、氣味、味道都是獨(dú)一無二的 ,其原料以及所有類似的物質(zhì) (包括生物活性物 )都是土生土長的。 Most of Ukrainian oilproducing enterprises do not provide for purification of industrial wastewaters, dumping thousands of tonnes of polluting substances into the water bodies. The purification facilities which exist in some places were constructed a long time ago and had been designed with regard to the requirements of domestic wastewater purification. Such facilities, at best, partially decrease the value of general BOD (biological oxygen demand) or simply let the wastewater flow through。 whilst at worst, the wastewater is deposing in these facilities and bees even more poisonous when dumped into water bodies. Such industrial wastewaters are mostly polluted, especially with organic substances。 therefore the purification facilities which are currently in operation are unable to clean them in pliance with sanitary requirements. A significant ecological danger es from the pollution of surface waters with organic substances which the wastewaters flowing from cooking oilproducing facilities contain. These substances, when dumped into water bodies, prompt the development of deposition processes, infect water bodies with pathogenic bacteria, cause water efflorescence and have an overall negative influence over fauna and flora. For many enterprises of the subject branch, purification of wastewaters presents a serious problem. 烏克 蘭 大部分的食用油生產(chǎn)企業(yè)不能凈化 工業(yè)污水 ， 排放 成千上萬噸的污染物質(zhì) 進(jìn)入水體。一些存在凈化設(shè)備的地方是很久以前建立的而且是為生活污水凈化而設(shè)計(jì)的。 這些設(shè)施即使在最好的情況下 也只能減少部分 BOD（生物需氧量）值或者僅僅是讓水通過；最壞的情況是這些污水在排入水體前腐蝕這些設(shè)備并增強(qiáng)毒性。 這些工業(yè) 污水 大多受到污染 ，特別是有機(jī)物的污染；當(dāng)前的凈化設(shè)備不能達(dá)到衛(wèi)生要求。 這些受食用油生產(chǎn)企業(yè)產(chǎn)生的有機(jī)物污染的地表水成為重大的 生態(tài)危機(jī) 。這些物質(zhì)排放到 水體 中促進(jìn)了腐爛 過程，病原菌污染了水體 ，導(dǎo)致水惡臭并且對動植物產(chǎn)生影響。 對 于許多企業(yè)， 污水凈化成為一個嚴(yán)峻的問題 。 The purpose of the present study is to assess the condition of wastewaters pertaining to the production of cooking oil and to develop an effective and lowcost method for purification of wastewaters and utilisation of other oil productionrelated wastes which would ply with environmental safety requirements. 本研究的目的是評估 食用油工業(yè)產(chǎn)生的 污水 情況和開發(fā)一種高效、低成本的方法來利用市面上其他油類 污水 ，并且達(dá)到 環(huán)保安全要求 。 As basis of our study, we have chos