【正文】 關(guān)于它的動態(tài)形式有很多種，其中最簡單的是，從設(shè)施方面考慮，在有限的資源條件下，倉庫或者零售商，面臨著單個項(xiàng)目的動態(tài)需求。在這個領(lǐng)域中大多數(shù)模型的開發(fā)都類似于傳統(tǒng)的選址問題， 在特定位置的分配模型中（可以看到克朗和夫里延斯1995；安蒙斯等1999；斯彭勒等1997；馬林和貝利格林 1998；賈亞拉曼等1999；克里克等1999， 2001；弗萊施曼等2000）。他們產(chǎn)品分類回收網(wǎng)絡(luò)在三個子地區(qū)：可重復(fù)使用的項(xiàng)目網(wǎng)絡(luò)，再制造網(wǎng)絡(luò)，和回收網(wǎng)絡(luò)。他們提出了兩個級別的砂的選址模型問題，并考慮采用啟發(fā)式過程對其進(jìn)行優(yōu)化。他建議將網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖的設(shè)計(jì)與交通圖一同作為他的模型輸入的依據(jù)。他設(shè)計(jì)了一個為多產(chǎn)品和多級的情況下的模型。然而，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)在文獻(xiàn)中關(guān)于逆向物流（RL）這一主題的論文卻相對較少。大多數(shù)的歐洲公司會越來越多的考慮將逆向物流活動納入他們的業(yè)務(wù)操作之中。例如，廢電子和電氣設(shè)備 (WEEE) 指令。通過在生產(chǎn)過程中排放的空氣污染來控制模型的一個關(guān)鍵部分。但是會有的只涉及向前流動的其它類型那么就不可以被稱為逆向物流，但如果它們包括環(huán)境方面的考慮，也將被列入綠色物流貨物的物流活動。逆向物流應(yīng)該從消費(fèi)者手中獲得一些商品或產(chǎn)品回到商品流供應(yīng)鏈的早期階段從而減少了廢物，這肯定意味著逆向物流應(yīng)列入綠色物流。后來，歐洲工作小組在逆向物流的研究中，列維朗，德克爾等人 (2004年）給出這一定義：在規(guī)劃的過程中，實(shí)施和控制原材料的落后流動，在制品庫存中，包裝和成品從制造，分銷到使用，恢復(fù)或適當(dāng)處置的過程。例如，弗萊希曼等人（1997年） 稱逆向物流是”涵蓋了在物流活動中從使用的產(chǎn)品”，用戶不再需要的產(chǎn)品及在市場中再利用產(chǎn)品的過程。第五部分為最后的結(jié)論。第三部分是廢物管理，包括了危險(xiǎn)廢物運(yùn)輸?shù)哪Ｐ汀?滾裝滾卸容器和家居廢物收集。它討論了不同領(lǐng)域的有關(guān)綠色物流的議程。對于這些組合優(yōu)化的工作，希望對于那些組合優(yōu)化的新模型將帶來有趣的新挑戰(zhàn)，同時該工作也可能對環(huán)境帶來重大影響。但是考慮到更加長遠(yuǎn)的目標(biāo)和與綠色物流有關(guān)的問題，就必須有新的工作方法和模式，其中也包含了一些有趣的，最新應(yīng)用的研究模型。因此不管是公司還是政府對綠色物流越來越感興趣。很多組織和企業(yè)開始測量他們碳的排放量，以便可以監(jiān)視他們的活動對環(huán)境的影響。綠色物流活動包括測量不同分銷策略對環(huán)境的影響，減少物流活動中的能源使用量，減少廢物，管理和處理物流對環(huán)境的影響。關(guān)鍵字: 綠色物流、逆向物流 、組合優(yōu)化 、廢物管理、危險(xiǎn)物品1 引言綠色物流主要關(guān)注的是可持續(xù)的生產(chǎn)方式和貨物的銷售，重點(diǎn)考慮到環(huán)境和社會的因素。s rural chain supermarkets. Small and mediumscale supermarkets have difficulty to establish their own distribution systems with the shortage of funds. It’s also very difficult to produce economies of scale even if they are able to create distribution systems. The various forces of the weak chain supermarkets should be bined to establish distribution centers through cofinancing and manage all distribution businesses of all chain supermarkets. It can not only achieve the optimal allocation of logistics resources to improve the efficiency of logistics operations, but also reduce the investment burden or cost. It can be provided for the joint procurement of materials. At the same time, supermarkets should also pay more attention on the cooperation with thirdparty logistics panies. For those fresh goods, frozen goods that supermarkets do not want to uniform distribution, The distribution center can be outsourcing to thirdparty logistics panies in order to achieve rapid response and timely delivery. The supermarkets which have distribution centers can develop the mon distribution by means of mission and trustee. They could entrust the distribution center for codistribution if they purchase fewer goods. Large chain supermarkets with strong capital, in pursuit of the efficiency of logistics and distribution to enable to meet the specific requirements of each branch, tend to establish their own distribution centers. They can accept missions of small and medium supermarket chain supermarkets to carry out a mon distribution. Of course, large chain supermarkets sometimes have a huge amount of logistics business, even if they have there own distribution centers and distribution systems. They also need to cooperate with third party and fourthparty logistics panies in some operational aspects, especially in the longdistance transport, regional warehouses and other business areas. The advantages of outsourcing are obvious. Not only can solve the inventory of supply chains, transportation problems, but also help to resolve the issues of procurement, and manage the relationships between supermarkets and suppliers.B. Strengthen the construction of distribution centers to achieve the modernizationDetermine the size of distribution centers. With the number and types of the various branches’ goods, through a prehensive analysis of the logistics market as well as future development needs, fully prediction of the size of the logistics capacity, the reasonable size and scale of distribution centers, then the size, location and function aspects of distribution centers will be optimized. Perfect the function of distribution centers. Distribution centers have many service functions, such as warehousing, transportation, procurement, handling, distribution processing, distribution, information processing and feedback. Agricultural products and other modities can be processed with the products and services’ information from farmers who are able to provide a wealth of highquality products, maintain low out rates and the harmonization of various functions. Strengthen the construction of hardware and software. On the hardware side, the automated warehouses, automatic sorting machines, electric lifts, automatic conveyors, data collection devices and other modern logistics equipments should be gradually used to achieve the mechanization and automation of processing operation. To meet the distribution needs of some fresh perishable goods, the distribution center should accelerate the delivery speed, improve efficiency, reduce logistics cost and adopt a warehouse with the functions of refrigerator and preservation. On the software side, we must pay attention to the construction of logistics information system to improve information level. Distribution centers should establish puterized management information systems, including electronic automated ordering system, electronic data interchange, point of sale systems and information feedback system. It is also need to be building an internet to connect with the production, supplication, marketing of the suppliers, distribution centers and shopping malls, so the whole purchasing, sorting, processing, packaging, storage, transportation and other distribution operations can be closely integrated to ensure the proper functioning of the logistics distribution center. All these ways can bring the management to be informational and scientific. C. Increasing their sizes and chains, establishing a strict access system. Through the review, evaluation and analysis of farm shops’ financial strength, business premises, personnel qualities, operational status, the farm shops which have no power or behavior of operating fake and shoddy goods will be refused to join in the farm chain supermarkets, the farm shops to meet the standards can only join in the contract. Leading enterprises are preferential to join in t