【正文】 regardless of sex, but Chinese relations are distinguished clearly. Thirdly, most of Chinese relatives kinship terms are distinguished as spoken and written styles. For example: father (dad), mother (niang and mum), grandmother (waipo and laolao ), uncle (bo, shu, jiu), aunt(gu, yi, shen), cousin (cousin), fatherinlaw (old fatherinlaw), motherinlaw (motherinlaw), etc. However in English relatives kinship terms system, onl y a small minority of relatives appellation terms have two kinds of different styles. For example: father(dad 、 daddy) 、 Mother(mom 、 mummy) 、 grandfather(grandpa) 、grandmother(grandma)、 aunt(auntie). The reason why Chinese and English kinship terms systems hav。 and aunts39。 spouse. Aunt can also be applied to both parents39。t have a proper distinction between maternal and paternal kin and Chinese relatives kinship terms system are carefully distinguished. For example, the word uncle in English can simultaneously apply for both parents39。s surname, which would cause inequality between immediate relatives and collateral relative in the position. These features cause patriarchal kinship terms of Chinese kinship terms system to be extremely plex and huge. However, Eskimo kinship terms attach great importance to the nuclear family status, which will certainly cause Chapter Two Comparison between Chinese and English Address Terms 11 the nuclear family to be the prominent position in the the whole family system and which also would cause nuclear family and other relatives family in a flabby or changeable society. These features lead to patriarchal relative series scale of English kinship terms not large and in a relatively balanced condition. Secondly, Chinese kinship terms system is highly descriptive, basically for every type of different relatives attached to different appellation. But English kinship terms system is not the same. Only in the nuclear family, the relative terms are descriptive and have their own special appellations. Even so the description of the English kinship terms is not enough, because it doesn39。s given name in some university. By contrast, the useable range of Chinese given name is more limited. Using the given name in Chinese often shows not only the close relation, but also intimacy, so friends of opposite sex should be careful to avoid unnecessary misunderstanding. Comparison of Kinship Terms Kinship terms are used to name and address one39。 The latter is one or a few words, which represent a person with the surname together in order to distinguish with other people. The two parts have cultural connotation, not only mutually related but also independent. In spoken English, the role of name is to call or refer to others. Both are necessary to the munication. And it is able to distinguish individual from group, as well as another individual. For written words, name can also record individual situation. The Chinese and western name address is similar in the above aspects. Family name and given name is a unified and inseparable whole, but each has its characteristics. From a philosophical point of view, surname are not selectable, well given name is the opposite. That is, generally speaking, a person39。 (d) bestowed titles。 (b) kinship names。 from the cultural and ethical aspect, Yang (1989) gave a discussion about address terms, and Li (1990) talked about Chinese traditional Chapter Two Literature Review 5 address terms and culture。 if the speech is not heeded, nothing will e of it. (Zi Lu, the Analects of Confuciu 2021: 14) The discussed name refers to address term, incorrect use of which can hinder effective munication and cannot reach the anticipated purpose. Address terms to some degree are reflection of different national culture, so they play an important role in developing intercultural munication (Xu, 2021). Xia (2021) concluded that as a special part of the language, address term, which is dominant formation, is closely related with the culture. Current Domestic and International Studies of Address Terms The Chinese research of address terms has a long history. Shi Qin of Erh Ya is the earliest ancient book containing mentaries on classics, names, etc. With 3000year history, it systematically recorded Chinese ancient kinships and more than 200 kinship terms. For example, the sisters of father are aunt, while the brothers of mother are uncles. In modern times, domestic scholars researched address terms from various angles. For instance, from the perspective of social linguistics, Chen (1984) studies the changes of nonrelative terms between two generations in Beijing, and Pan and Zhang (2021) made a social survey on extended usage of Chinese kinship terms。 and the latter is applied to especially all humans and refers to all kinds of appellations in social munication. Address terms system in narrow sense is interpersonal system of address terms, which falls roughly into kinship terms, social addresses, names and reference terms. Terms of address, as linguistic means to denote the speaker39。s role and status in particular relationships of the human society, and mirror the human relations in a certain sociocultural or languagespecific environment. People are social animals, everyone has corresponding relations with the people around them. Address terms are the cultural symbols of interpersonal relationship, and the signals and bridges to municate for the daily relationship. They are not only the simple phoic symbols, but also the prehensive embodiment of customs of a country and a nation, traditional culture and social, political and economic relations, and imply the history of a nation and the cultural accumulation. They can help people cognize their roles in social groups, and also build, define and confirm the relationship with others. Address terms r