【正文】 如： All who heard the news were excited.②先行詞為those, he和people時。如：The first lesson that I learned will never be Who is the man that you are talking about? 練習(xí)：that 與 which 1)Do you have anything ______ you don’t understand? 2)The only thing _____ we can do is to give you some )Who is the man _____ is standing there? 4)Her bag, in ________ she put all her money, has been )She heard a terrible noise，______ brought her heart into her mouth.(2)that和who都可以指人，但下面兩種情況，多用who。如： This is the very book that I am looking for these days.④當(dāng)先行詞被最高級修飾時。如：Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? ②當(dāng)先行詞為不定代詞all, one, few, little, no, some, any, everything, nothing, nobody, none等時。I know the girl whose mother is a I know the girl’s mother is a is the little girl whose parents were killed in the great live in a house whose windows face saw a bag was saw a woman whose bag was show me the cover is show me the book whose cover is ：第一找出先行詞第二看先行詞在定語從句中的語法功能（做主語、賓語或狀語）第三選擇合適的關(guān)系詞 關(guān)系代詞的用法注意點(1)that和which都可以指物，但以下5種情況只能用that 不能用which。The man who / that is speaking at the meeting is a 分解 The man is a man is speaking at the plane is a machine that can is the man(that)I told you about.⑤whose指人或物, 在定語從句中作定語。This is a truck which / that is made in This is a truck is made in are the trees which were planted last recorder（which）he is using is made in TV set(which)he bought yesterday is made in this the library(which)you borrow books from? ④that 指人或物，在定語從句中作主語或賓語。The woman whom they wanted to visit is a 、The woman is a wanted to visit the man(whom)I nodded to is .③ which 指物，在定語從句中作主語或賓語。作賓語時，可省略。.（把主句和從句連起來）關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中代替主句中的先行詞，所以它在一般情況下都跟在先行詞之后，而且它的 人稱、數(shù)必須和先行詞一致。關(guān)系代詞：who whom whose which that as關(guān)系代詞 ：when where why 先行詞和關(guān)系詞的關(guān)系 plane is a machine that can machine = that boy who broke the window is called boy =who boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his boy’s =whose The school where I study is far from my the school = where 關(guān)系代詞實際上是先行詞的復(fù)指關(guān)系詞whose實際上是先行詞的所有格 關(guān)系副詞實際上是介詞＋先行詞 關(guān)系代詞的作用。第四篇：定語從句講解定語從句講解一個美麗的女孩a beautiful girl（形容詞作前置定語）一個穿白色衣服的女孩a girl in white（介詞短語作后置定語）一個正唱歌的女孩a girl who is singing(定語從句，修飾或限定名詞girl）一、概念: Porter is a smart Harry Porter is a boy who has magic ,修飾boy, 叫做定語從句 先行詞：被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞。（3）why 指原因，其先行詞是原因，起原因狀語作用。（2）where指地點，其先行詞表示地點，在句中作地點狀語。五、關(guān)系副詞的用法（1）when指時間，其先行詞表示時間，在句中作時間狀語。（5）關(guān)系詞只能用which，而不用that 的情況：，those時，用which，：What’s that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些東西是什么？，一般用which，：This is the room in which he 。，只能用that，：I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the 。（4）關(guān)系詞只能用that的情況：，或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時，只能用that，：He was the first person that passed the 。（3）that 作介詞的賓語時，介詞不能放它的前面，只能放在從句中動詞的后面。（2）含有介詞的固定動詞詞組中，介詞不可前置，只能放在原來的位置上。例如：This is the house in which we lived last 。例如：The girl who often helps me with my English is from 。（作賓語），whom用于指人，who 用作主語，whom用作賓語。例如：The building which stands near the train station is a 。（that作主語）The coat（that）I put on the desk is 。在從句中作主語或賓語，作主語時不可省略，作賓語可省略。限制性定語從句緊跟先行詞，主句與從句不用逗號分開，從句不可省去，非限制性定語從句主句與從句之間有逗號分開，起補充說明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞及定語從句之間起連接作用，同時又作定語從句的重要成分。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。Eg：As I expected,he got the first place again in this midterm ，他在這次期中考試中又獲得了第一名。如： A wise man seldom talks about such things as he doesn’t spoke in such easy English as everybody could this time of the day, all buses and trolleys have to carry as many passengers as they is so easy a book as every schoolboy can ’s discuss such things as we can talk of ：This book is written in such easy English as beginners can understand.（定語從句）This book is written in such easy English that beginners can understand it.（結(jié)果狀語從句），也可放在主句之后，用來修飾整個句子。(3)當(dāng)“the same?that”結(jié)構(gòu)中的that作為關(guān)系副詞用時，不可以直接與as互換。第5/6頁that可以省去而不改變句子原意，甚至連名詞前的same也可以省去。在抽象概念上，同種類和同一事物是沒有絕對區(qū)別的，所以兩個詞可換用： I have the same opinion as / that you ：（1）使用as時，它引導(dǎo)的定語從句中的動詞可以省略，但使用that時，定語從句中 的動詞不可省略。如：This is the same instrument that I used 。在表示具體事物時，有時兩者有一定的區(qū)別。如： He is the greatest man that has ever lived.(3)當(dāng)先行詞被the only, the very, the last等詞所修飾時。如：A new master will came tomorrow who will teach you ’s only one student in the school who/whom I wanted to was the only person in my office who was invited.(5)兩個定語從句同時修飾一個指人的先行詞，第二個定語從句常用who(m)來引導(dǎo)，如：She is the only girl I know who can play the ，當(dāng)先行詞指人時，在下列情況中，一般用關(guān)系詞that:(1)當(dāng)主句是以who或which開頭的特殊疑問句時。如： He that promises too much means nothing.(3)當(dāng)先行詞有較長的后置定語修飾時。如：第4/6頁Is there anyone who can answer this question? He was among the few who managed to live through the enemy prison ：在非正式文體中可以說：You’re the one that knows where to go.)(2)當(dāng)先行詞是he, they, those, people, person等詞時。，當(dāng)先行詞指人時，關(guān)系詞可用who(m)或that，二者?？苫Q。 had failed in the maths exam,which made his father very ，這使他的父親很生氣。如：The guests spoke highly of the children and their performances that they saw at the Children’s described in her positions the people and places that impressed her most.(7)當(dāng)主句是以which，who,what開頭的特殊疑問句時。如：The first thing that should be done is to get the people talk about Hangzhou, the first that es to mind is the West Lake.(4)當(dāng)先行詞是形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級所修飾，以及先行詞被序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級同時修飾時，如：Is that the best that you can do? That’s the most expensive hotel that we’ve ever stayed novel is the second best one that I have ever read.(5)當(dāng)先行詞被 the very, the only, the next, the last等所修飾時。如： All that can be done has been this factory I saw little / much that was different from ours.(2)當(dāng)先行詞被all, any no, much, little, few, every等限定詞所修飾時。2． 關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語，不論是在限制性定語從句中，還是在非限制性定語從句中，當(dāng)介詞前置時，只能用whom指人，which指物；但如果介詞后置，則不受這種限制，關(guān)系代詞還可以省去，特別是在口語中。They are hollow, which makes them very is known to all, Taiwan is a part of China.（2）從意義上講，which指前面主句的內(nèi)容；而as指代的是作為一般人都知道的常識性的東西，因此常譯成“就象? ?那樣”。當(dāng)整個主句（先行詞）在從句中作主語時，從句的謂語動詞要用單數(shù)。如：第2/6頁I told the story to John, who later did it to his brother.= I told the story to John, and he later told it to his I happened to see John, who was eager to have a