【正文】
s Commentary on the Spring and Autumn Annals第四篇:中國(guó)文化特色詞語(yǔ)英譯3中國(guó)文化特色詞語(yǔ)英譯(一)宗教及傳統(tǒng)文化拜年: pay a New Year call 財(cái)運(yùn): luck in making money江南水鄉(xiāng): the south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River禪宗: Chan Sect/Zen Sect 出家人: ascetic 祠堂:memorial temple倒春寒:an unusually cold spell in an otherwise warm early spring 道教:Taoism道士:Taoist priest法師:Master 方丈:Buddhist abbot佛教:Buddhism 恭喜發(fā)財(cái):May you be prosperous和尚:Buddhism monk 華表:ornamental column/cloud pillar/stele紅包:red envelope containing money as a gift。中庸 Doctrine of the Mean 【Central Harmony】 周髀算經(jīng) Mathematical Classic on the Gnomon 周禮 Zhou Rites 周書(shū) History of the Zhou Dynasty 周易 Book of Changes 朱子家訓(xùn) Zhu Family Admonitions 資治通鑒 History as a Mirror 資政新篇 New Guide to Government 醉翁亭記 The Old Drunkard39。其名稱(chēng)意為“中間”,意思取自它是介于說(shuō)一切有部學(xué)派的唯實(shí)論和瑜伽行派的唯識(shí)論之間。天官書(shū) Chapter on Astronomers in Records of the Historian 氏族志 Clan and Family Gazette 授時(shí)歷 TimeTelling Calendar 蜀道難 The Steep Road of Shu 述學(xué) On Learning 水滸傳 Outlaws[Heroes] of the Marsh(es)/ Water Margin 說(shuō)卦傳 Treatise of Remarks on the Trigrams 說(shuō)文解字 Explanation of Script and Elucidation of Characters 說(shuō)苑 The Garden of Anecdotes 思問(wèn)錄 Unauthorized Commentary on the “Book of Changes” 四部醫(yī)典 Pharmacopoeia in Four Divisions 四景山水 A Landscape in Four Seasons 四庫(kù)全書(shū) The Complete Library of the Four Treasures 四庫(kù)全書(shū)總目提要 Critical Catalogue of Complete Writings in the Four Divisions 四書(shū) Four Books 四書(shū)大全 The Complete Works of the Four Books 四洲志 Four Continents 宋書(shū) History of the Song Dynasty 宋論 Comments on the History of the Song Dynasty 搜神記 Stories of Immortals 搜神后記 More Stories of Immortals 孫臏兵法 Arts of War(by Sun Bin)孫子兵法 Arts of War(by Sun Wu)孫文學(xué)說(shuō) Memoirs of a Chinese Revolutionary(by Sun Yatsen)T 太極圖說(shuō) An Explanation of the Deiagram of the Absolute 太平廣記 Taiping Miscellany [Extensive Anthologies of Taiping] 太玄 Great Mystery 唐律疏議 Exposition of the Tang Penal Code 桃花源記 The Story of the Peach Blossom Source 天工開(kāi)物 Exposition of the Works of Nature 陶庵夢(mèng)憶 Reminiscence of Tao An 天論 A Discussion on Heaven/On Heaven 天問(wèn) Questions About Heaven 通典 A Comprehensive Study of History 童蒙須知 What Children Must Know 銅人腧穴針灸圖經(jīng) An Illustration of the Copper Man39。s Materia Medica/ Sheng Nong39。s Apology 晉書(shū) History of the Jin Dynasty 警世通言 Stories to Warn Men 九歌 Nine Odes 九經(jīng) Nine Classics 九章 Nine Elegies 九章算術(shù) Mathematics in Nine Sentinels K 孔子家語(yǔ) Sayings of the Confucian School L 蘭亭序A Sketch of the Gathering at Orchid Arbor The Story of the Orchid Pavilion The Story of the Gettogether at the Orchid Tower 樂(lè) Book of Music 老子注 Annotations to “Lao Zi” 歷代帝王圖 Portraits of the Emperors 歷代史表 A Chronological Chart According to Dynasties 禮記 Book of Rites 離騷 Grief of Parting 禮運(yùn) Evolutions of Rites 聊齋志異 Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio 六國(guó)論 On Six Fallen States 六經(jīng) Six Classics 六韜 Six Tactics 六學(xué) Six Teachings 六藝 Six Disciplines 六月雪(竇娥冤)Sno in Midsummer 六祖壇經(jīng) Platform Scripture of the Sixth Patriarch 陋室銘 Inscription on My HUmble Cottage 呂氏春秋 Lu39。s Go Back 國(guó)語(yǔ) Sayings of the States H 海國(guó)圖志 Illustrated Records of the Maritime Nations 漢宮秋 Autumn in the Han Palace 漢書(shū) History of the Han Dynasty 紅樓夢(mèng) A Dream of Red Mansions [the Red Chamber] 后赤壁賦 The Second Trip to the Red Cliff 后漢書(shū) History of the Later Han Dynasty 華嚴(yán)經(jīng) AvatamsakaSutra 淮南子 Writings of Prince Huainan 浣紗 The Girl Who Washes Silk 黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng) The Yellow Emperor39。 Rules and Disciplines 典論達(dá)爾文物競(jìng)天擇適者生存 Natural selection and survival of the 本草綱目: Outline of Herb Medicine 本草經(jīng)集注 Annotations to “Emperor Shen Nong39。孫文學(xué)說(shuō) Memoirs of a Chinese Revolutionary魯迅:如果說(shuō)中山先生是革命的先驅(qū)者,那么魯迅先生便是中國(guó)的民族魂太極(ether)大道之行天下為公 When the Great Tao prevails, the whole world will work only for the public ,適者生存 the struggle for life of animals, natural selection, the survival the fittest t is not the strongest of the species that survive, but the one most responsive to Darwin 物競(jìng)天擇,適者生存。廣東新會(huì)人。著 《畫(huà)語(yǔ)錄》 Art of Painting 中國(guó)歷史上第一部系統(tǒng)而深刻的繪畫(huà)美學(xué)著作 中國(guó)畫(huà)分類(lèi)山水 始于晉宋的宗炳 《畫(huà)山水序》;成熟于宋 郭熙 《林泉高致》;大成于清石濤《畫(huà)語(yǔ)錄》 人物 花鳥(niǎo)古時(shí),書(shū)指信件;信指信使書(shū)信連用 始于《晉書(shū)》Book of Jin 唐時(shí)普遍 傳書(shū)之人,稱(chēng)為 “雁足”,“鴻雁” 本于“鴻雁傳說(shuō)”游學(xué)歐美的愛(ài)國(guó)志士 嚴(yán)復(fù) 林紓 翻譯西方文學(xué)名著 達(dá)爾文進(jìn)化論 Theory of Evolution 魏源 “器變道不變”中體西用(張之洞,梁漱溟)傳統(tǒng)派 Traditionalists 洋務(wù)派 Westernization Group 維新派(Reformists)革命派 Revolutionaries康有為 又名 康祖詒 廣東南海人; 維新運(yùn)動(dòng)主要領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者;戊戌變法失敗后,亡命海外;1895“公車(chē)上書(shū)”;新學(xué)偽經(jīng)考;孔子改制考;其思想 經(jīng)學(xué)(New Text School)和佛家思想?!端疂G》 賽珍珠(Pearl )《紅樓夢(mèng)》 霍克斯(David Hawkes)楊憲益夫婦石濤(法名)中國(guó)繪畫(huà)史上的奇才。18種劇作只是其全部創(chuàng)作的1/《竇娥冤》 Injustice to Du E。語(yǔ)言上多為口語(yǔ)方言。一 東漢以來(lái)印度佛教 Buddhism 二近代歐美民主科學(xué)精神伴隨著中國(guó)救亡圖存的歷史使命而近乎強(qiáng)行地輸入南派 六祖慧能大師創(chuàng)立禪宗 Zen Buddhism 禪分南北宗南 主張頓悟 是主流 代表作 《壇經(jīng)》 The Platform Scripture of the Sixth Patriarch 北 主張漸悟偈子 gatha P236關(guān)于哲學(xué)禪宗詞匯佛經(jīng) Buddhist sutra 達(dá)摩、規(guī)范 dharma詞(Ci Poems)本來(lái)是能夠配樂(lè)的歌詞,后逐漸脫離音樂(lè)而獨(dú)見(jiàn)諸文字 詞牌名 tune 宋理學(xué) NeoConfucianism婉約派 subtle and concise 豪放派 powerful and free 水調(diào)歌頭 Tune: “Prelude to the Melody of Water”詞帝 五代后主李煜 《虞美人》 P2551279 忽必烈 滅 南宋 建立 元帝國(guó) 元 政治文化特點(diǎn):對(duì)中原漢人政治統(tǒng)治的加劇 南北民族文化的又一次大融合廢除封建科舉制度(使仕途無(wú)望,轉(zhuǎn)向民間文學(xué)和市井娛樂(lè),在文學(xué)藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作中尋求文化心靈的寄托)元 散曲(Qu Poetry)雜劇(Yuan Drama)或表現(xiàn)男女間情愛(ài),或描寫(xiě)大自然美景,或關(guān)心民眾疾苦和社會(huì)問(wèn)題 或抒發(fā)文人的雅趣與隱逸精神南曲 北曲 昆曲元雜?。簲⑹麦w到代言體;角色、演唱、對(duì)白、動(dòng)作、道具。司空?qǐng)D《詩(shī)品》The Realms of Poetry蘭亭序集 A Sketch of the Gathering at Orchid Arbour 歐陽(yáng)修 《醉翁亭記》 The Old Drunkard39。駢文(rhymed prose)尋求節(jié)儉,推陳出新留下詩(shī)5萬(wàn)首 詩(shī)仙 李白 浪漫主義 謳歌祖國(guó)大好河山 詩(shī)圣 杜甫 現(xiàn)實(shí)主義 表達(dá)勞動(dòng)人民心愿 山水田園詩(shī)人(pastoral poet): 王維、孟浩然 邊塞詩(shī)人(frontier poet)高適、岑參 《唐詩(shī)三百首》 清 孫洙(300 Tang Poems)律詩(shī)(eightlined poetry)王維 以佛教出世精神為誘導(dǎo),表現(xiàn)了超然于世外,寄情于山水,而又終歸眷戀人生的禪宗詩(shī)人(Zen poet)風(fēng)范。漢魏以來(lái),玄學(xué)大興,前有司馬遷的“發(fā)奮著述”說(shuō),淮南子的形神氣“一”論,董仲舒“天人感應(yīng)”論 《文心雕龍》唐詩(shī)從古詩(shī)(Poetry in PreTang Style)?!肚ё治摹?嵇琴阮簫P169 文論大興 文必秦漢 為盛唐“文以載道”開(kāi)了先河曹丕 “文以氣為主” 《典論其超然于物外的道家思想?!短一ㄔ从洝烦錆M(mǎn)烏托邦理想色彩,代表了中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)文明的社會(huì)理想和以詩(shī)酒精神抒寫(xiě)田園風(fēng)光的田園詩(shī)境界。于是,文學(xué)傳記乃大興。書(shū)8篇記載歷代天文地理和典章制度;10篇表格事實(shí)史料“四維”:禮 義 廉 恥為治國(guó)之綱。功績(jī):創(chuàng)立了一種完備的史學(xué)體裁。s Commentary on the Spring and Autumn Annals 《國(guó)語(yǔ)》 Sayings of the States西漢 劉向《戰(zhàn)國(guó)策》 Stratagem of the Warring States 戰(zhàn)國(guó)游說(shuō)之士的策略和言論?!墩?Rectification of Names P137 兵書(shū)的經(jīng)典是春秋末年齊國(guó)人孫武所著的13篇《孫子兵法》 Sun Zi: The Art of War 比西方兵家經(jīng)典 克勞塞維茲Clausewitz的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)論On War 早2000多年。公孫龍為代表。著有《性惡》Man Is Evil by Nature.《福樂(lè)智慧》Kutadgu Bilig/Wisdom of Royal Glory 11C 維吾爾族哲學(xué)宗教經(jīng)典,古典長(zhǎng)詩(shī)。荀子性 惡論,倡導(dǎo)”化性起偽“;告子持亦善亦惡說(shuō)??鬃邮滋帷毙韵嘟?