【正文】 二、連詞that的省略問題引導(dǎo)表語從句的that通常不省略，但在口語或非正式文體中有時也可省略： My idea is(that)we should do it ri。s because I passed a slip of paper for John to Helen in 。If I’m a bit sleepy, it’s because I was upall ，是因為一夜沒睡。It is because I love you too 。Now it was as though she had known Millie for 。He is no longer what he 。That’s what we are here 。That’s where you are 。That’s why he didn’t 。That was when I was 。What I want to know is which road we should 。The problem is who we can get to replace ?！咀⒁狻縲hether 可引導(dǎo)表語從句，但與之同義的if卻通常不用于引導(dǎo)表語從句。My idea is that we should start making preparations right 。My suggestion is that we should tell 。The fact is that he doesn’t really 。(同位語從句)The reason why he didn’t e to the meeting is that he is ，原因是他生病了。(同位語從句)I’ll never forget the days when I lived there..我永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記我住在那兒的日子。同位語從句所修飾的名詞比較有限，通常有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等，而定語從句所修飾的名詞則非常廣泛。that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時，它不充當(dāng)句子成分，而引導(dǎo)定語從句時，它作為關(guān)系代詞，要么充當(dāng)定語從句的主語，要么充當(dāng)定語從句的賓語。(news的內(nèi)容就是that he will e，故that引導(dǎo)的是同位語從句)We are glad at the news that he told 。The order soon came that all citizens should evacuate the ，所有居民都必須撤出村子。Report has it that the Smiths are leaving 。The news got about that he had won a car in the 。You have no idea how worried I was!你不知道我多著急!二、關(guān)于分離同位語從句有時同位語從句可以和同位的名詞分開。It is a question how he did 。當(dāng)時我不知道賭場是什么樣的地方。Have you any idea what time it starts? 你知道什么時候開始嗎? From 198590 I was an instructor at the regional party that I went back to work in a I had no idea what a casino 。We are not investigating the question whether he is 。Answer my question whether you are ：你來不來。如： He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo ，給人的印象是他要登上飛往東京的飛機(jī)了。I can understand their eagerness that you should be the main 。The suggestion that the new rule be adopted came from the 。They expressed the wish that she accept the ?！咀⒁?】在某些名詞(如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等)后面的同位語從句要用虛擬語氣。The fact that the money has gone does not mean it was 。The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not 。We heard the news that our team had 。The teacher told us that light travels faster than 。(3)“When he _____ is not known yet.” “But when he ____, he will be warmly weled.”, es , will e e, will e e, es 答案選 D，第一個 when 引導(dǎo)的是主語從句，第二個 when引導(dǎo)的是時間狀語從句。請看幾題：(1)I don’t know if he ________ or not e ing 此題答案選C，句中if引導(dǎo)的不是條件狀語從句(if≠如果)，而是賓語從句(if＝是否)，句意為“我不知道明天他是否會來。誤：Who will he marry remains ：Who he will marry remains 。I’m not sure whether(if)he is 。Do you doubt that he will win? 你不相信他會贏嗎? 【注】在現(xiàn)代英語中，doubt用于肯定式時其后也可接that從句，不過此時的that仍表示whether的意思：I doubt that we’ll ever see George 。如：I doubt if [whether] he’ll 。兩者的原則區(qū)別是：that 表示一種肯定、明確的概念，而 whether(if)則表示一種不肯定、不明確的概念。I got wet all ’s because I had neither a raincoat nor an ，因為我既沒穿雨衣，也沒帶雨傘?！咀ⅰ吭诂F(xiàn)代英語中，有時也用 because，但不如用 that 普通。⑨ 在 discuss(討論)等少數(shù)動詞后引導(dǎo)賓語從句時：(from )We discussed whether we should hold a 。⑧ 直接與 or not 連用時：I will write to you whether or not I can ，我將寫信告訴你。⑦ 用于介詞之后時：It depends on whether the letter arrives in 。⑥ 用于不定式之前時：I’m not sure whether to stay or 。④ 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時：Whether he agrees or not, I shall do ，我都要那樣做。③ 引導(dǎo)表語從句時：The question is whether we should go on with the 。② 引導(dǎo)主語從句且放在句首時：Whether he will e is still a ?！咀ⅰ吭趥€別詞語(如 wonder, not sure 等)后的從句否定式有時也可用 whether 引導(dǎo)： I wonder if [whether] he isn’t ?！咀ⅰ咳羰且龑?dǎo)條件狀語從句，則只能用 if(意為“如果”)。 if的用法區(qū)別 兩者的用法異同注意以下幾點(diǎn)：(1)兩者均可引導(dǎo)賓語從句，表示“是否”，常可互換：He asked if [whether] we wanted a 。It’s a pity(that)he didn’t finish 。What you say is quite 。I spent what little time I had with 。注意區(qū)別：what+不可數(shù)名詞=所有的都，what little+不可數(shù)名詞=雖少但全部。He gave me what money he had about 。二、用法說明(1)這樣用的what相當(dāng)于“先行詞+關(guān)系代詞”，所以其前不能有先行詞： 你喜歡什么就拿什么吧?！??的地方”：This is what they call Salt Lake ?！??的時間”：After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter 。Who is it that has made Fred what he is now? 是誰把弗雷德培養(yǎng)成現(xiàn)在這個樣子的？ “??的數(shù)量或數(shù)目”：Our ine is now double what it was ten years ?！??的人或的樣子”：He is no longer what he 。He saves what he ，積蓄多少。Whichever you choose, they will be ，他們都會不高興。Whichever side wins, I shall be ，我都會感到滿意。Whoever you are, you can’t pass this ，都不能從這里過去。I’ll post that letter whatever Wilson ，這封信我都要發(fā)出去。如：Whatever happened I must be 。Whichever of us gets home first starts ，哪個就先開始做飯。I’ll take whichever books you don’t 。Take whichever you 。Whichever的意思“?的那個人或事物”，在意義上大致相當(dāng)于 the person or the thing that?！咀⒁狻?1)whoever既用作主格也用作賓語(作賓語時不宜用whomever，因為在現(xiàn)代英語中whomever已幾乎不用)。Whoever breaks this law deserves a 。Whoever es will be 。She can marry whoever she 。whoever的意思“任何?的人”，在意義上大致相當(dāng)于 anybody who。She would tell him whatever news she 。Talk to me about whatever is troubling 。I’m going to learn whatever my tutor 。I will just say whatever es into my 。whatever, whoever, whichever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句Whatever的意思是“所?的一切事或東西”，可視為what的強(qiáng)調(diào)說法，其含義大致相當(dāng)于anything that，whatever在從句中可用作主語、賓語、定語：Whatever he did was 。The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not 。(from )正：The students each have a ：The students each has a （謂語用了單數(shù)，因為each為句子主語）：正：Each of the students has a dictionary.(from )（即同位語從句）They were worried over the fact that you were 。They’ve neither of them succeeded in winning her 。We have none of us large ?！咀ⅰ窟@類同位語與定語比較接近，可轉(zhuǎn)換成定語從句。He read all kinds of books, ancient and modern, Chinese and ，古今中外都有。(ironing shirts與a place同位)The first plan, attacking at night, was turned ，被拒絕了。(to walk along?與the instruction同位)He’s getting a job tonight driving a 。Soon came the order to start the general 。He asked you boys to be 。二、特殊同位語歸納, us, you等后接同位語 Are you two reading? 你們二人在看書嗎? They three joined the school 。但有有幾種同位語，或由于身本結(jié)構(gòu)特殊，或由于它修飾的成分結(jié)構(gòu)比較特殊，往往會引起誤解。Who is that man, the first in the front row? 前排第一個人是誰? We have two children, a boy and a ，一個男孩和一個女孩。Influenza, a mon disease, has no ，無特效藥。如：Laura Myers, a BBC reporter, asked for an 句中第一個when 引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句，故用將來時態(tài)表示將來意義；第二個when 引導(dǎo)的是時間狀語從句，故用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來意義。當(dāng)它們引導(dǎo)名詞性從句且表示將來意義時，要直接使用將來時態(tài)；但當(dāng)它們引導(dǎo)狀語從句且表示將來意義時，則必須用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來意義。I ask