【正文】 It is not as though we were 。You are not who I thought you 。(that從句是限制the news的內(nèi)容的，即我們高興只是因為他告訴的這個news而不是其他的news，故that從句為定語從句)what, how, if, whatever 等可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，但不引導(dǎo)定語從句?！咀⒁狻縲hether 可引導(dǎo)同位語從句，但if不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句。I’ve e to the conclusion that it was unwise to do 。I don’t doubt that he will 。⑤ 引導(dǎo)同位語從句時：The question whether we need it has not been 。四組名詞性從句引導(dǎo)詞用法區(qū)別 與that的用法區(qū)別兩者均可引導(dǎo)主語、表語、賓語從句，區(qū)別是what可在從句中用作主語、賓語或表語，意為“什么”或“所?的”，而that僅起連接作用，本身沒有實際意義，在從句中也不充當(dāng)任何句子成分(引導(dǎo)賓語從句時通?？梢允÷?：He doesn’t know what she 。What Mary is is the 。Whichever you want is 。One should stick to whatever one has 。如：(from )The current affair, the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou.=The current affair, which is the biggest in its history, is being held in of us之類的結(jié)構(gòu)用作同位語We none of us said 。以上所舉的同位語例子都是同位語的基本形式，一般不會出錯。五、名詞性從句的語序名詞性從句的詞序與陳述句語序相同，尤其注意那些由連接代詞who(m), whose, which, what 和連接副詞 when, where, why 等引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，不要受它們在特殊疑問句中用法的影響而誤用疑問句詞序。We gave him what(little)help we 。When we arrive doesn39。如：(1)They are talking about whether they will take part in the 。that 一般用于確定的語氣中，引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，口語中的that可省略，而其他情況中的that一般不可?。欢鴚hether，if一般用于不確定的語句中。(2)What he did last night is being 。同位語從句表示同位名詞的具體內(nèi)容；而定語從句是對先行詞—名詞的限制、描繪或說明。He said he had read the 。如：He asked what you were doing last 。(had不能用has)注：賓語從句是一個客觀真理時，可以不一致。He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or 。引導(dǎo)表語從句的連接除與引導(dǎo)主語從句的連接詞外，還有as if，as though。He was always conscious of the fact that she did not approve of what he was 。Bob has the mistaken idea that tomorrow is a 。The fact is that they are angry with each 。這道題是考查主語從句嗎？這道題是考查主語從句嗎？要看仔細(xì)定噢！_________ with the right knowledge can give first ever 【分析】此題容易誤選B，主要受以下這類句子的影響而形成思維定勢： Whoever says that is ，誰就是在說謊。She answered that she preferred to eat 。正：Keep calm，whatever ：Keep calm，no matter what 要素一：引導(dǎo)詞也就是引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞。正：Whatever he says sounds ：No matter what he says sounds 。I expected(that)the plane would be 。第2題He told me the news, believe it or not, _________ he had earned $1 000 in a single 【分析】此題容易誤選 B，誤認(rèn)為這是非限制性定語從句。I don’t doubt that you are 。The police learned that he wasn’t there at that 。It was what he meant rather than what he 。如： What he found surprised me 。它通常有放在thought, idea, news, word(=news), plan, doubt, question, fact, suggestion, belief等抽象名詞的后面，說明這些詞的具體內(nèi)容或含義。如： 譯：我不知道他去哪里了。(如reply, object)后。When the teacher knows what we have done, he will say that we have done a good ，他會說我們做了一件好事。：同位語從句與定語從句形相似而實質(zhì)不同，具體表現(xiàn)在以下幾個方面：(1)被修飾的詞不同。如：My advice is that you should go to apologize to 。(2)The question is why there is little rain 。也可理解為：如果他愿意來，就告訴我一聲。Whether it will do us harm remains to be 。He gave me what money he had about 。如： I had a ’s why I didn39。Influenza, a mon disease, has no ，無特效藥。He read all kinds of books, ancient and modern, Chinese and ，古今中外都有。I’m going to learn whatever my tutor 。Whichever的意思“?的那個人或事物”，在意義上大致相當(dāng)于 the person or the thing that。Whichever you choose, they will be ，他們都會不高興。注意區(qū)別：what+不可數(shù)名詞=所有的都，what little+不可數(shù)名詞=雖少但全部。③ 引導(dǎo)表語從句時：The question is whether we should go on with the 。兩者的原則區(qū)別是：that 表示一種肯定、明確的概念，而 whether(if)則表示一種不肯定、不明確的概念。We heard the news that our team had 。Answer my question whether you are ：你來不來。The order soon came that all citizens should evacuate the ，所有居民都必須撤出村子。My idea is that we should start making preparations right 。He is no longer what he 。If I’m a bit sleepy, it’s because I was upall ，是因為一夜沒睡。What I want to know is which road we should 。同位語從句所修飾的名詞比較有限，通常有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等，而定語從句所修飾的名詞則非常廣泛。當(dāng)時我不知道賭場是什么樣的地方。【注意1】在某些名詞(如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等)后面的同位語從句要用虛擬語氣。I’m not sure whether(if)he is 。⑦ 用于介詞之后時：It depends on whether the letter arrives in 。It’s a pity(that)he didn’t finish 。Who is it that has made Fred what he is now? 是誰把弗雷德培養(yǎng)成現(xiàn)在這個樣子的？ “??的數(shù)量或數(shù)目”：Our ine is now double what it was ten years 。Whichever of us gets home first starts ，哪個就先開始做飯。whoever的意思“任何?的人”，在意義上大致相當(dāng)于 anybody who。They’ve neither of them succeeded in winning her 。二、特殊同位語歸納, us, you等后接同位語 Are you two reading? 你們二人在看書嗎? They three joined the school 。如： She said that she didn39。I’ll do whatever I can to help 。 when, where, why, how 等，也各自有自己的意義，在從句中作狀語。如：Do you know if he hasn’t been to Washington? 你知道他是否沒有去過華盛頓嗎？ 此句子中的If不能用whether替換。(3)He looks as if he knows the 。(2)Isn’t it strange that he should not have passed the test? 他測試沒有通過，難道不奇怪嗎？，只能用it作形式主語，放在句首，而將if引導(dǎo)的主語從句放到句末。(4)引導(dǎo)詞不同。When we were children, we were told that China is in the east of the ，人們就告訴我們說中國在世界的東方。如：I didn’t know(that)he was Li 。如：We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with ，我們希望他和我們呆在家里。如：The whole truth came out at last that he was a wolf in sheep’s ，他原來是一只披羊皮的狼。注意：要區(qū)分以下句式：’s why+結(jié)果；that’s because+原因。一是介詞后(except等除外)一般不跟that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，但可接疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句； 二是在that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句后若還有補(bǔ)語時，要用it作形式賓語，而將that從句置于補(bǔ)語之后； 三是當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine等時，若賓語從句要表示否定意義，往往要通過否主句來實現(xiàn)，即所謂否定轉(zhuǎn)移；四是雖然引導(dǎo)賓語從句的that有時可以省略，但若賓語從句前有插入語或有間接賓語時，that不能省略；that在與之并列的另一個賓語從句之后或者在“形式賓語it+賓補(bǔ)”之后時也不能省略；that從句單獨回答問題時，that也不能省略。What(=The thing that)he said was 。whether 和if引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別兩者均可用于及物動詞后引導(dǎo)賓語從句，表示“是否”，常可互換。以上各例中的 whoever 引導(dǎo)的均為主語從句，它們均可換成 anyone who，但不能換成 anyone?！鲈谳^長的句子里，特別在“that從句”與動詞隔開時，that一般不可省略。要素二：語序 名詞性從句都必須與陳述句語序相同，即“主語＋謂語”。至于C、D 的區(qū)別，可這樣描述：no matter what 只能引導(dǎo)狀語從句，而不引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。He thinks(that)they will give him a 。(句子可改寫為 He said that he would leave when his wife came back.)Tell him that if he is at home I’ll e to see ，如果他在家，我就去看他。That he’ll e is known to us 。如：We discussed whether we should hold a 。That’s what I want to 。That China is a great socialist country is well ，中國是一個偉大的社會主義國家。I am sure(that)no harm will ever e to 。注意：連接詞必須位于從句的最前面。如：He has no special fault except that he smokes too ,沒有什么特別的毛病。“命令、建議、要求” advice, demand, decision, desire, idea, insistence, instruction, order, plan, proposal, remendation, request, requirement