【正文】 語從句并不緊跟在它所說明的詞的后面。I am sure(that)no harm will ever e to 。It looks as if(though)it is going to 。That China is a great socialist country is well ，中國是一個(gè)偉大的社會(huì)主義國家。如: Have you any idea what time it starts? 你知道什么時(shí)候開始嗎? 學(xué)習(xí)名詞性從句的應(yīng)注意的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)一是從句作主語，主句謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)；二是主語從句通常用it作形式主語，尤其是在It is +名詞 / 形容詞 / 過去分詞+that?中，或在It seems / happens that?中，或疑問句中；三要注意由what, whatever, whoever引導(dǎo)的主語從句一般不用形式主語。That’s what I want to 。It is natural that they should have different 。如：We discussed whether we should hold a 。He was sent to the ’s because he was ，是因?yàn)樗×?。That he’ll e is known to us 。Whoever es first can get a ticket 。(句子可改寫為 He said that he would leave when his wife came back.)Tell him that if he is at home I’ll e to see ，如果他在家，我就去看他。The newspapers have implied that they are having an 。He thinks(that)they will give him a 。既然是引導(dǎo)詞，所以這些詞就總是位于名詞性從句的最前面。至于C、D 的區(qū)別，可這樣描述：no matter what 只能引導(dǎo)狀語從句，而不引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。而 whatever 既可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句(＝anything that)，也可引導(dǎo)狀語從句(＝no matter what)：(只用whatever)： 無論他做什么都是對的。要素二：語序 名詞性從句都必須與陳述句語序相同，即“主語＋謂語”。He thought(that)they would give him 3 ?！鲈谳^長的句子里，特別在“that從句”與動(dòng)詞隔開時(shí)，that一般不可省略。(句子可改寫為 Tell him(that)I’ll e to see him if he is at home.)這兩道題考查名詞性從句嗎第1題Don’t you know, my dear friend, _________ it is you that she loves? 【分析】此題容易誤選 A或B，選 A 者認(rèn)為這是指人的，故用 who；選B者認(rèn)為這是非限制性定語從句，兩者都是誤認(rèn)為這是定語從句(注意沒有先行詞)，其實(shí)此題應(yīng)選C，它引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)賓語從句，只是被其中的插入語 my dear friend 隔開罷了。以上各例中的 whoever 引導(dǎo)的均為主語從句，它們均可換成 anyone who，但不能換成 anyone。類似地，動(dòng)詞doubt(懷疑)后接賓語從句時(shí)，由于 doubt的含義不確定，故通常用 whether(if)來引導(dǎo)其賓語從句，但若 doubt為否定式，則其后的賓語從句用 that 來引導(dǎo)。whether 和if引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別兩者均可用于及物動(dòng)詞后引導(dǎo)賓語從句，表示“是否”，?？苫Q。that與what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句只起連接作用，在從句中不作任何成分，無意義，在賓語從句通常省略，但在主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句中均不能省略；what除引導(dǎo)從句外，還在從句中作成分，意為“所??的(東西)”，在含義上等于“名詞+that”。What(=The thing that)he said was 。You had better hear what I have to 。一是介詞后(except等除外)一般不跟that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，但可接疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句； 二是在that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句后若還有補(bǔ)語時(shí)，要用it作形式賓語，而將that從句置于補(bǔ)語之后； 三是當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞是think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine等時(shí)，若賓語從句要表示否定意義，往往要通過否主句來實(shí)現(xiàn)，即所謂否定轉(zhuǎn)移；四是雖然引導(dǎo)賓語從句的that有時(shí)可以省略，但若賓語從句前有插入語或有間接賓語時(shí)，that不能省略；that在與之并列的另一個(gè)賓語從句之后或者在“形式賓語it+賓補(bǔ)”之后時(shí)也不能省略；that從句單獨(dú)回答問題時(shí)，that也不能省略。注：為避免頭重腳輕，使句子平衡，常用it作形式主語，而將主語從句后置。注意：要區(qū)分以下句式：’s why+結(jié)果；that’s because+原因。I was surprised at what has 。如：The whole truth came out at last that he was a wolf in sheep’s ，他原來是一只披羊皮的狼。關(guān)于連接詞的用法，請參見后文。如：We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with ，我們希望他和我們呆在家里。如：I didn’t know(that)he was Li 。即(from )：1)當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞可用任何所需要的時(shí)態(tài)表示。When we were children, we were told that China is in the east of the ，人們就告訴我們說中國在世界的東方。如(from )：He made clear his desire that he should work hard to go to 。(4)引導(dǎo)詞不同。如： What I want to do is(that)I can go up to him and thank 。(2)Isn’t it strange that he should not have passed the test? 他測試沒有通過，難道不奇怪嗎？，只能用it作形式主語，放在句首，而將if引導(dǎo)的主語從句放到句末。使用名詞性從句的兩個(gè)注意點(diǎn)注意1 語序問題不管什么詞引導(dǎo)，從句的語序始終用陳述語序。(3)He looks as if he knows the 。(1)Let me know whether he will 。如：Do you know if he hasn’t been to Washington? 你知道他是否沒有去過華盛頓嗎？ 此句子中的If不能用whether替換。 whether 也不充當(dāng)句子成分，但有自己的意思，表示“是否”；引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，可換成 if，但引導(dǎo)其他名詞性從句時(shí)不能換成 if。 when, where, why, how 等，也各自有自己的意義，在從句中作狀語。 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)可用作限定詞，其后修飾名詞。I’ll do whatever I can to help 。 與 because 的用法區(qū)別。如： She said that she didn39。如：Laura Myers, a BBC reporter, asked for an 二、特殊同位語歸納, us, you等后接同位語 Are you two reading? 你們二人在看書嗎? They three joined the school 。(ironing shirts與a place同位)The first plan, attacking at night, was turned ，被拒絕了。They’ve neither of them succeeded in winning her 。I will just say whatever es into my 。whoever的意思“任何?的人”，在意義上大致相當(dāng)于 anybody who?！咀⒁狻?1)whoever既用作主格也用作賓語(作賓語時(shí)不宜用whomever，因?yàn)樵诂F(xiàn)代英語中whomever已幾乎不用)。Whichever of us gets home first starts ，哪個(gè)就先開始做飯。Whichever side wins, I shall be ，我都會(huì)感到滿意。Who is it that has made Fred what he is now? 是誰把弗雷德培養(yǎng)成現(xiàn)在這個(gè)樣子的？ “??的數(shù)量或數(shù)目”：Our ine is now double what it was ten years 。He gave me what money he had about 。It’s a pity(that)he didn’t finish 。② 引導(dǎo)主語從句且放在句首時(shí)：Whether he will e is still a 。⑦ 用于介詞之后時(shí)：It depends on whether the letter arrives in 。I got wet all ’s because I had neither a raincoat nor an ，因?yàn)槲壹葲]穿雨衣，也沒帶雨傘。I’m not sure whether(if)he is 。The teacher told us that light travels faster than 。【注意1】在某些名詞(如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等)后面的同位語從句要用虛擬語氣。如： He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo ，給人的印象是他要登上飛往東京的飛機(jī)了。當(dāng)時(shí)我不知道賭場是什么樣的地方。Report has it that the Smiths are leaving 。同位語從句所修飾的名詞比較有限，通常有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等，而定語從句所修飾的名詞則非常廣泛。My suggestion is that we should tell 。What I want to know is which road we should 。That’s what we are here 。If I’m a bit sleepy, it’s because I was upall ，是因?yàn)橐灰箾]睡。s because I passed a slip of paper for John to Helen in 。He is no longer what he 。That was when I was 。My idea is that we should start making preparations right 。(同位語從句)I’ll never forget the days when I lived there..我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我住在那兒的日子。The order soon came that all citizens should evacuate the ，所有居民都必須撤出村子。It is a question how he did 。Answer my question whether you are ：你來不來。They expressed the wish that she accept the 。We heard the news that our team had 。誤：Who will he marry remains ：Who he will marry remains 。兩者的原則區(qū)別是：that 表示一種肯定、明確的概念，而 whether(if)則表示一種不肯定、不明確的概念。⑧ 直接與 or not 連用時(shí)：I will write to you whether or not I can ，我將寫信告訴你。③ 引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)：The question is whether we should go on with the 。 if的用法區(qū)別 兩者的用法異同注意以下幾點(diǎn)：(1)兩者均可引導(dǎo)賓語從句，表示“是否”，常可互換：He asked if [whether] we wanted a 。注意區(qū)別：what+不可數(shù)名詞=所有的都，what little+不可數(shù)名詞=雖少但全部?！??的時(shí)間”：After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter 。Whichever you choose, they will be ，他們都會(huì)不高興。如：Whatever happened I must be 。Whichever的意思“?的那個(gè)人或事物”，在意義上大致相當(dāng)于 the person or the thing that。She can marry whoever she 。I’m going to learn whatever my tutor 。(from )正：The students each have a ：The students each has a （謂語用了單數(shù)，因?yàn)閑ach為句子主語）：正：Each of the students has a dictionary.(from )（即同位語從句）They were worried over the fact that you were 。He r