【正文】 ed her whether she would (from )。如： She said that she didn39。如：Why was she crying? 她為什么在哭？I don’t know why he was 。I didn’t ’s because I had a ，那是因為我感冒了。如： I had a ’s why I didn39。 與 because 的用法區(qū)別。t eat you, whoever he ，他也不能把你吃掉。如：Whatever happens, you must be ，你都必須鎮(zhèn)靜。注意以下受漢語意思影響而弄錯的句子： 任何人來都歡迎(from )。I’ll do whatever I can to help 。, whatever, whichever 等也可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，其意分別為“所?的一切事或東西”、“任何?的人”、““?的任可人或物”等。如： What friends she has are out of the 。He gave me what money he had about 。 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時可用作限定詞，其后修飾名詞。如：I don’t know what you 。三、名詞性從句的重要引導(dǎo)詞 用于引導(dǎo)名詞性從句是一個十分重要的引導(dǎo)詞，它可引導(dǎo)主語從句、賓語從句和表語從句，但不用于引導(dǎo)同位語從句。When she’ll be back depends much on the 。 when, where, why, how 等，也各自有自己的意義，在從句中作狀語。t 。如：That’s why she wanted to 。Whether it will do us harm remains to be 。 whether 也不充當(dāng)句子成分，但有自己的意思，表示“是否”；引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，可換成 if，但引導(dǎo)其他名詞性從句時不能換成 if。如：I hope(that)you enjoy your 。從高考的考查的實際情況來看，名詞性從句考得最多的是賓語從句，其次是主語從句，再次是表語從句，而同位語從句則很少考查。如：(1)I don’t know ________ he lives.(2)I don’t know ________ he lives there.(3)I don’t know ________ he lives there by fishing.(4)I don’t know ________ he ，句子(1)可填地點、方式等連接詞where / how；句子(2)可填that, whether / if，原因連接副詞why 或方式連接副詞how；句子(3)可填that, whether / if，原因連接副詞why；句子(4)缺少賓語，可填what。如：Do you know if he hasn’t been to Washington? 你知道他是否沒有去過華盛頓嗎？ 此句子中的If不能用whether替換。(2)They are discussing whether they can employ the new 。Have you decided whether to go there tomorrow? 明天是否去那兒，你決定了嗎？(句子中的whether不能用if替換)5)whether引導(dǎo)的從句可作某些介詞及動詞discuss的賓語，而if則不可以。也可理解為：如果他愿意來，就告訴我一聲。(1)Let me know whether he will 。(2)The radio didn’t say whether it would rain or not 。(2)Do you know if / whether his words are ？ 2)whether可與or not連用，而if則不可以。如果if引導(dǎo)主語從句時，只能放在句中，而不能置于句首。(3)He looks as if he knows the 。如：(1)That he learnt English before is 。因此，它們所引導(dǎo)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)必須完整。(2)The question is why there is little rain 。使用名詞性從句的兩個注意點注意1 語序問題不管什么詞引導(dǎo)，從句的語序始終用陳述語序。但what引導(dǎo)主語從句的主句謂語動詞的形式須根據(jù)句子的意思來判斷。如；(1)Who has broken the glass is 。that不可省，但在句末口語中可省。(2)Isn’t it strange that he should not have passed the test? 他測試沒有通過，難道不奇怪嗎？，只能用it作形式主語，放在句首，而將if引導(dǎo)的主語從句放到句末。在主語從句中須注意：，放在句首，而將主語從句放到句末。如：(1)When he was born is 。如：My advice is that you should go to apologize to 。如： What I want to do is(that)I can go up to him and thank 。My hope is that he will keep it a secret for 。表語從句學(xué)習(xí)指要當(dāng)一個子句充當(dāng)句子的表語時，這個子句就叫做表語從句。(5)判定定語從句和同位語從句的方法。(4)引導(dǎo)詞不同。(3)引導(dǎo)詞的作用不同。(2)從句的作用不同。：同位語從句與定語從句形相似而實質(zhì)不同，具體表現(xiàn)在以下幾個方面：(1)被修飾的詞不同。如(from )：He made clear his desire that he should work hard to go to 。There is no doubt that he is fit for this ，它適合這一工作。同位語中應(yīng)注意：，常見的有：answer, belief, conclusion, decision, discovery, doubt, explanation, fact, hope, idea, information, knowledge, law, message, news, opinion, order, possibility, problem, promise, proof, proposal, question, report, risk, rumor, story, suggestion, truth, theory, thought, wish, word等。如： The news that China has joined the WTO excite us 。When we were children, we were told that China is in the east of the ，人們就告訴我們說中國在世界的東方。3)但當(dāng)從句的內(nèi)容是客觀真理或客觀事實，而不受時間的限制時，即使主句謂語動詞為過去時，從句仍用一般現(xiàn)在時。如： He didn’t tell us he came from 。When the teacher knows what we have done, he will say that we have done a good ，他會說我們做了一件好事。即(from )：1)當(dāng)主句謂語動詞的時態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r，從句的謂語動詞可用任何所需要的時態(tài)表示。The teacher advised us that we(should)not waste our 。, ask, demand, desire, insist(堅決主張), order, propose, request, suggest(建議)等代的賓語從句須用虛擬語氣，即：(should)do的形式。一般須用it作形式賓語，把賓語從句放到句末，此時的that不能省。如：I didn’t know(that)he was Li 。I didn’t know that he was wounded in the 。賓語從句學(xué)習(xí)指要用來充作賓語的句子叫做賓語從句。(如reply, object)后。如： —What did he hear? 他聽說了什么事？—That Kate had passed the exam.(他聽說)凱特考試及格了?！癷t(形式賓語)+補語”之后時。如： He told me that he was leaving for 。如：We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with ，我們希望他和我們呆在家里。如：She told me that the earth goes around the 。如：She said that his father had gone to 。如： 譯：我不知道他去哪里了。關(guān)于連接詞的用法，請參見后文。, whatever, whichever等也可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，意為“無論/不管??”。：who(m), whose, which, what等均有各自的意義，在從句中作主語、賓語、定語等。共有四類：：只起連接作用，沒有任何意思，不作任何句子成分，在賓語從句中可省略。如：The whole truth came out at last that he was a wolf in sheep’s ，他原來是一只披羊皮的狼。I have no idea when he will set 。如：The idea that the earth is round is not a new one.“地球是圓的”這種觀點并不新鮮。它通常有放在thought, idea, news, word(=news), plan, doubt, question, fact, suggestion, belief等抽象名詞的后面，說明這些詞的具體內(nèi)容或含義。I was surprised at what has 。如： They didn’t say which they 。(3)賓語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作賓語的從句。He is ’s why he is ，這就是他缺席的原因。注意：要區(qū)分以下句式：’s why+結(jié)果；that’s because+原因。如：The question is whether he is able to do it 。(2)表語從句就是在連系動詞之后作表語的從句。如： What he found surprised me 。注：為避免頭重腳輕，使句子平衡，常用it作形式主語，而將主語從句后置。如：Whether he will be able to e remains a 。(1)主語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作主語的從句。一是同位語從句多在news, order, word(=news / order), idea, hope, suggestion, information, plan, thought, doubt, fear, belief等抽象名詞后，說明其具體內(nèi)容；二是同位語從句與所說明的名詞有時會被謂語所分開，做題時需注意；三是引導(dǎo)同位語從句的有that, whether和連接副詞when, where, why, how等，但絕大多數(shù)由that引導(dǎo)，注意同位語從句不能用which引導(dǎo)。一是介詞后(except等除外)一般不跟that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，但可接疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句； 二是在that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句后若還有補語時，要用it作形式賓語，而將that從句置于補語之后； 三是當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine等時，若賓語從句要表示否定意義，往往要通過否主句來實現(xiàn)，即所謂否定轉(zhuǎn)移；四是雖然引導(dǎo)賓語從句的that有時可以省略，但若賓語從句前有插入語或有間接賓語時，that不能省略；that在與之并列的另一個賓語從句之后或者在“形式賓語it+賓補”之后時也不能省略；that從句單獨回答問題時，that也不能省略。注：that 可引導(dǎo)同位語從句，what不能。Her interest was roused by what he 。It was what he meant rather than what he 。You had better hear what I have to 。I’m sorry for what I 。What she saw gave her a 。What he said is beneath 。What(=The thing that)he said was 。It was quite plain that he didn’t want to 。My idea is that you shouldn’t have left the 。The police learned that he wasn’t there at that 。that與what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句只起連接作用，在從句中不作任何成分，無意義，在賓語從句通常省略，但在主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句中均不能省略；what除引導(dǎo)從句外，還在從句中作成分，意為“所??的(東西)”，在含義上等于“名詞+that”。注：在某些動詞后(如 discuss 等)通常只用 whether。Answer my question whether you can help 。如：Ask him whether [if] he can 。whether 和if引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別兩者均可用于及物動詞后引導(dǎo)賓語從句，表示“是否”，?？苫Q。He was ’s why he was sent to the ，所以被送到醫(yī)院來。如：The re