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57Six Sigma Terms and Definitions (cont) 條項(xiàng)及定義7. DPMODefects per Million Opportunities the number of defects counted, divided by the actual number of opportunities to generate that defect, multiplied by one million. 每百萬分之一的缺陷機(jī)率 計(jì)算缺陷的數(shù)量,由分開產(chǎn)生缺陷機(jī)率的實(shí)數(shù),乘以一百萬個(gè)8. COPQCost of Poor Quality the cost incurred from generating a defect 品質(zhì)不良之成本 產(chǎn)生一個(gè)缺陷所招致的成本 OR 或Cost which would be avoided if, rather than a ‘Defect’, the ‘Opportunity’ yielded a success. 如果可以避免成本,那么勝于一個(gè) “缺陷 ”, “ 機(jī)率 ”產(chǎn)生的成果9. KPIVKey Process INPUT Variable an independent material or element, with descriptive characteristic(s), which is either an object (going into) or a parameter of a process (step) and which has a significant (Key) effect on the output of the process 關(guān)鍵程序輸入值 一個(gè)獨(dú)立的材質(zhì)或系統(tǒng),與描述的特征,為一個(gè)程序的目標(biāo)或參數(shù)以及對(duì)程序輸出上有重要的影響58Six Sigma Terms and Definitions (cont)10. KPOVKey Process OUTPUT Variable a dependent material or element, with descriptive characteristic(s), which is the result of a process (step) which either is, or significantly affects the customers CTQ. 關(guān)鍵程序輸入值 一個(gè)相關(guān)的材質(zhì)或系統(tǒng),與描述的特征,是任意一個(gè)程序的結(jié)果,或較大影響顧客 CTQ11. Rolled Throughput YieldThe likelihood that any given unit of product, service or information will contain Zero Defects. 。56Six Sigma Terms and Definitions (cont)3. Opportunity 機(jī)會(huì)An event which generates an output (product, service or information). 產(chǎn)生一個(gè)輸出的事件(產(chǎn)品,服務(wù)或信息)4. UnitA discrete item (lamp, invoice, etc.) which possesses one or more CTQ(Note: ‘Units’ must be considered with regard with the specific CTQ(s) of concern by a customer and/or for a specific process) 分立項(xiàng)目(來源,貨物,等)擁有一個(gè)或多個(gè) CTQ ( 知悉:顧客必須考慮到 “UNITS” 有關(guān)特殊的 CTQ或特殊的程序) 5. Defect 缺陷An output of an opportunity which does not meet a defined specification。2. CTQCritical to Quality Characteristic a characteristic of a product, service or information which is important to the customer. CTQs must be measurable in either a ‘continuous scale’ manner (. , etc.) or descriptive manner (correct/incorrect, etc.) 關(guān)鍵的品質(zhì)特征 產(chǎn)品,服務(wù)或信息的特征對(duì)于顧客而言是非常重要的。 If we cannot control it, we are at the mercy of chance 如果我們對(duì)其不能夠進(jìn)行控制,我們就受機(jī)會(huì)的擺布When measurement systems are inadequate, so are the decisions we make using them. 當(dāng)測(cè)量統(tǒng)在不充分的情況下,我們就決定使用他們55Six Sigma Terms and Definitions1. Customer顧客any ‘One’ who receives a product, service or information from an operation or process. 在實(shí)施或過程收到產(chǎn)品,服務(wù)或信息的人The term is frequently used to describe ‘External’ customers those who purchase the manufactured products or services which are the basis for the existence of the business. However, ‘Internal’ customers, also important, are internal GEL ‘persons’ who receive the intermediate or internal products or services from internal ‘Suppliers’. 常常使用項(xiàng)目來描述 “外部 ”顧客 那些購買生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品或業(yè)務(wù)存在的服務(wù)基礎(chǔ)。 If we cannot express what we know in the form of numbers, we really don’t know much about it 如果我們不能表達(dá)出在表格的形式, 那么我們真的對(duì)此了解得不多 222。他們?cè)谡归_ 6 Sigma中具有關(guān)鍵的角色。 Powerful sequence強(qiáng)有力的序列187。 Green Belts, Black Belts, and Master Black Belts187。 COPQ187。 Metrics identify gaps in performance 識(shí)別性能中的間隙187。 Predictions of Change Affects變更的程序 ﹔ 變更影響的預(yù)告Cost to Controlvs CTQ Attainment Benefits Achieved Checks:檢驗(yàn):Project Controls Appropriate for Achieving CTQs and Benefits 項(xiàng)目控制適于完成 CTQ及利益Cost Review 成本審查Sustained Process Will Meet Customers Expectations 不變的程序?qū)?huì)與顧客所期望的相符All Agree and Commit to theControl Strategy as the Meansof sustaining the Defect Reductions 所有同意及提交的控制策略做為支持缺點(diǎn)的手段ControlReDesign重新設(shè)計(jì)Functional Team SignOffCelebrate! 功能 team結(jié)束&恭喜! YesNoDFSSSix Sigma RoadMap 8 Control DFSS 50ReviewThe Right support支持187。 ScheduledDowntime, etc. 備件 ﹔ 系統(tǒng)備分 ﹔計(jì)劃停工期,等 49Change Control 控制變更Generates/DeterminesInputs AffectingProject。 Actions toPrevent Failures, ResourcesNeeded OnHand 控器 ﹔ 防止失敗的方案,根源,手頭需求PreventiveMaintenancePlanSpare Parts。 Trends。Generates/DeterminesCTQs, Specs, Measurements,Actions CTQ, 規(guī)格,測(cè)量,方案SPCOutlines: 概要:Parameters of Operations, Responsibilities, Actions, Measurements, etc. 運(yùn)作的參數(shù),責(zé)任,方案,測(cè)量,等。 Not All LevelsConserves Resources 不完全測(cè)試綜合變理 ﹔不是所有的級(jí)別保留資源Improve改進(jìn)Six Sigma RoadMap 5 Improve 47DOE BlockingClarifies Results whenInteracting Variables“Confound” the Results當(dāng)相互影響變量 “混淆 ”的結(jié)果 時(shí)澄清結(jié)果Generates/DeterminesIsolates Parts of Data from other Parts 其它部件上的絕緣零件資料Improve改進(jìn)Now . . . We have established the parameters and procedures foroperating the improved process . . . 現(xiàn)在 …... 我們已經(jīng)為操作改進(jìn)之過程建立了參數(shù)及程序Keep it in Control ! 保持控制該項(xiàng)!EHS ReviewReviews Affects onthe Environment,Health Safety查閱環(huán)境,健康&安全上的影響Improves Current EHSSituation and/or IdentifiesIssues to be Managed UpFront 改善目前 EHS 狀況并識(shí)別問題時(shí)行預(yù)先處理Six Sigma RoadMap 6 Improve改善 48“Process” Control PlansInstructions TrainingIndicates if Process is Operating as Expected (InControl)。 Predict YStrength Direction 是否了解 X﹔ 鄧計(jì) Y實(shí)力& X趨勢(shì)Analyze分析Six Sigma RoadMap 4 Analyze分析 46Design ofExperiment 實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì) Fractional Factorial 小額階乘Answers:How to Set “X” to getBest “Y” 怎樣設(shè)置 “X”方可得到最佳的 “Y”Generates/DeterminesKnown Relationshipsbetween KPIVs KPOVs 了解 KPIVs KPOVs 之間的關(guān)系Full Factorial全功能Simple 2KTesting Variablesat 2 Levels 測(cè)試 2級(jí)上的變量(High/Low)高 /低Answers:What’s the BestCo