chap_06supply,demandandgovernmentpolicies(曼昆(參考版)
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【正文】 2023年 2月 28日星期二 8時(shí) 27分 47秒 20:27:4728 February 2023 1一個(gè)人即使已登上頂峰，也仍要自強(qiáng)不息。 2023年 2月 28日星期二 下午 8時(shí) 27分 47秒 20:27: 1最具挑戰(zhàn)性的挑戰(zhàn)莫過(guò)于提升自我。勝人者有力，自勝者強(qiáng)。 :27:4720:27Feb2328Feb23 1越是無(wú)能的人，越喜歡挑剔別人的錯(cuò)兒。 , February 28, 2023 閱讀一切好書(shū)如同和過(guò)去最杰出的人談話。 2023年 2月 28日星期二 8時(shí) 27分 47秒 20:27:4728 February 2023 1空山新雨后，天氣晚來(lái)秋。 。 :27:4720:27:47February 28, 2023 1意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的人能把世界放在手中像泥塊一樣任意揉捏。 :27:4720:27Feb2328Feb23 1世間成事，不求其絕對(duì)圓滿，留一份不足，可得無(wú)限完美。 , February 28, 2023 很多事情努力了未必有結(jié)果，但是不努力卻什么改變也沒(méi)有。 2023年 2月 28日星期二 8時(shí) 27分 47秒 20:27:4728 February 2023 1做前，能夠環(huán)視四周；做時(shí)，你只能或者最好沿著以腳為起點(diǎn)的射線向前。 。 :27:4720:27:47February 28, 2023 1他鄉(xiāng)生白發(fā)，舊國(guó)見(jiàn)青山。 :27:4720:27Feb2328Feb23 1故人江海別，幾度隔山川。 , February 28, 2023 雨中黃葉樹(shù)，燈下白頭人。 Tax Levied on Buyers... Quantity of IceCream Cones 0 Price of IceCream Cone 100 90 $ Price buyers pay D1 D2 Equilibrium with tax Supply, S1 Equilibrium without tax Price sellers receive Price without tax Tax ($) Impact of a 50162。 2023 by Harcourt, Inc. The Minimum Wage Quantity of Labor 0 Wage Equilibrium wage Labor demand Labor supply A Free Labor Market Equilibrium employment The Minimum Wage Minimum wage Quantity of Labor 0 Wage Labor demand Labor supply Quantity supplied Quantity demanded Labor surplus (unemployment) A Labor Market with a Minimum Wage Impact of a 50162。 2023 by Harcourt, Inc. A Price Ceiling That Is Binding... $3 Quantity of IceCream Cones 0 Price of IceCream Cone 2 Demand Supply Equilibrium price Price ceiling Shortage 125 Quantity demanded 75 Quantity supplied Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 Tax on Sellers... Price without tax Price sellers receive $ Price buyers pay Equilibrium without tax Copyright 169。 Tax Levied on Buyers... Price sellers receive Copyright 169。 Tax Levied on Buyers... Quantity of IceCream Cones 0 Price of IceCream Cone 100 D1 Supply, S1 A tax on buyers shifts the demand curve downward by the size of the tax ($). D2 Copyright 169。 2023 by Harcourt, Inc. Effects of Price Ceilings A binding price ceiling creates ... ? shortages because QD QS. ?Example: Gasoline shortage of the 1970s ? nonprice rationing ?Examples: Long lines, Discrimination by sellers Lines at the Gas Pump In 1973 OPEC raised the price of crude oil in world markets. Because crude oil is the major input used to make gasoline, the higher oil prices reduced the supply of gasoline. What was responsible for the long gas lines? Economists blame government regulations that limited the price oil panies could charge for gasoline. The Price Ceiling on Gasoline Is Not Binding... $4 P1 Quantity of Gasoline 0 Price of Gasoline Q1 Demand Supply Price ceiling 1. Initially, the price ceiling is not binding... The Pri
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