【正文】 。財(cái)務(wù)目標(biāo)的整體性和增值性,不僅需要我們有正確的納稅觀和理財(cái)觀,而且還要能熟練掌握財(cái)經(jīng)法規(guī)政策和企業(yè)管理技巧。直接籌資渠道狹窄是中小企業(yè)籌資難問題的關(guān)鍵所在。證券市場(chǎng)是市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的重要組成部分，具有向社會(huì)籌資，促進(jìn)產(chǎn)權(quán)流動(dòng)，優(yōu)化資源配置等作用。其次，缺乏為中小企業(yè)服務(wù)的股權(quán)市場(chǎng)。首先，中國(guó)缺乏一個(gè)活躍的私人資本市場(chǎng)。還有就是資本市場(chǎng)上缺乏中小企業(yè)籌資的渠道。而許多商業(yè)銀行，特別是國(guó)有商業(yè)銀行觀念還跟不上經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)發(fā)展變化的需要，對(duì)中小企業(yè)缺乏必要的了解和足夠的重視，認(rèn)為將資金投向中小企業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高、成本高、工作量大且收效不大，致使許多中小企業(yè)從國(guó)有銀行獲得信貸資金困難較大。三是中小企業(yè)資金需求一次性量小、頻率高，增加了籌資成本和代價(jià)。二是中小企業(yè)易受經(jīng)營(yíng)環(huán)境的影響，變數(shù)大、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)大。由于固定資產(chǎn)較少，資債率較高，負(fù)債能力低，一般缺少足夠的不動(dòng)產(chǎn)作為信貸抵押，也很難找到有實(shí)力的大企業(yè)作為擔(dān)保人，大多不符合銀行貸款條件。 一些數(shù)據(jù)我們可以看得出：我國(guó)中小企業(yè)融資的基本狀況：（1）中小企業(yè)融資渠道狹窄，其目前發(fā)展主要依靠自身內(nèi)部積累，即中小企業(yè)內(nèi)源融資比重過(guò)高，外源融資比重過(guò)低；（2）銀行貸款是中小企業(yè)最重要的外部融資渠道，但銀行主要提供的是流動(dòng)資金以及固定資產(chǎn)更新資金，而很少提供長(zhǎng)期信貸；（3）親友借貸、職工內(nèi)部集資以及民間借貸等非正規(guī)金融在中小企業(yè)融資中發(fā)揮了重要作用，但由于各地經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平以及民間信用體系建設(shè)的差異，非正規(guī)金融在江浙、中西部地區(qū)發(fā)育程度差異極大；（4）中小企業(yè)普遍缺乏長(zhǎng)期穩(wěn)定的資金來(lái)源—不僅權(quán)益資金的來(lái)源極為有限，而且很難獲得長(zhǎng)期債務(wù)的支持；（5）資產(chǎn)規(guī)模是決定企業(yè)能否獲得銀行借貸以及長(zhǎng)期債務(wù)資金的決定性因素 對(duì)于以上問題從中小企業(yè)本身來(lái)說(shuō)，存在著一些缺陷和不足,影響了籌資活動(dòng)。在此基礎(chǔ)上，立足于我國(guó)實(shí)際，通過(guò)調(diào)查研究提出解決企業(yè)籌資困境的建議，例如重視完善信用體系，拓寬籌資渠道，實(shí)行融資租賃，加大政府扶持力度等。詳細(xì)分析自己的資源優(yōu)勢(shì)，擁有核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，形成企業(yè)的鮮明特色，才是企業(yè)生存的唯一生存之道。所以，加強(qiáng)企業(yè)籌費(fèi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理，研究企業(yè)籌資過(guò)程中的因素及其成因、把握籌資方式的種類、加強(qiáng)控制和防范籌資風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的對(duì)策，其中中小型企業(yè)起到了舉足輕重的作用。 籌資活動(dòng)是一個(gè)企業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)的起點(diǎn)，籌資對(duì)于一個(gè)企業(yè)也是至關(guān)重要的，特別是中小企業(yè)，它將伴隨企業(yè)從產(chǎn)生到發(fā)展到衰落的整個(gè)生命周期過(guò)程。企業(yè)為了自身的生存和發(fā)展,就會(huì)選擇各種不同的籌資方式來(lái)解決自身資金不足的問題,但往往在資金籌集的過(guò)程中會(huì)因種種原因而出現(xiàn)籌資不及時(shí)、資金規(guī)模不適當(dāng)、籌資風(fēng)險(xiǎn)過(guò)大、資本結(jié)構(gòu)欠佳、籌資成本過(guò)高以及忽略籌資稅務(wù)籌劃等問題。一個(gè)健康發(fā)展的企業(yè)不但能充分地利用好內(nèi)部資金來(lái)源,還能有效的從外部融入資金。s capital market, has not formed a multilevel market system, the direct financing channels for SMEs impeded. First, China39。 (4) a general lack of small and mediumsized longterm, stable source of funding not only the interests of sources of funds are extremely limited, and difficult to obtain the support of longterm debt。 (2) bank loans is small and mediumsized the most important channels of external financing, but the bank is the main provider of liquidity and capital in fixed assets to update, and rarely provide longterm credit。參考文獻(xiàn)[1] 樓士明.《企業(yè)籌資實(shí)務(wù)》.，(7)：177~191[2] 廉清勤.《企業(yè)籌資方式探討》.，(5)：78~90[3] 周建仁.《關(guān)于企業(yè)籌資決策的探討》.，(6)：35[4] 陳榮奎.《現(xiàn)代企業(yè)籌資方式的比較與選擇》.，(8)：125[5] 張智楠.《市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下企業(yè)籌資方式的研究》.，(3)：56~70[6] 倪忠森.《企業(yè)籌資方式的比較與選擇》《企業(yè)家天地》.2005，(10)：66~78[7] 劉東軍.《淺談企業(yè)籌資方式的選擇》. ，(6)：20~25[8] 張正環(huán).《試分析我國(guó)企業(yè)現(xiàn)行八種籌資方式》.，(3)：20 [9] 林淑玲.《企業(yè)籌資方式的比較》.遼寧稅務(wù)?？茖W(xué)校學(xué)報(bào) .2006,12,(6)：5[10] 魯愛民.《財(cái)務(wù)分析》.[M].，(12)：78~88[11] Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting,Volume 20,Number 3/2005Appendix The Financing Problems of Small and Meditmsized Companies By Sharon Whitley and Robert Fulghum Funding is the key weapon to survival in the fierce petition to beat the opponents. A sound development of enterprises can make full use of not only internal funds, but also an effective integration of capital from the outside. With the further development of economic reform, the foundation and development of market economy system,enterprises increasingly diversify sources of funding. For their own survival and development, Enterprises will make a varietyof financing options to solve their own problem of insufficient funds. However,in the process of fundraising,it often occurs some problems such as untimely funding, inappropriate scale capital, large financing risks, poor capital structure,highly financing costs and the neglected issues like tax planning fundraising due to various reasons. Therefore, it has bee an extremely important sector of the basic activities for erterprises to how to effectively finance.Fundraising is the beginning point of running an enterprise, and is crucial to its survival, which witnesses its birth, growth and the market economy, the impersonal fundraising risks of an enterprise are inevitable to affect the enterprise’s financial affairs and to lead to uncertainties of the financial results. Therefore, it will be helpful to increase the prehensive economic benefits by dwindling the fundraising risks, exploring risking factors and their causes, recognizing the sorts of risks and putting forward the suggestions for controlling and preventing risks. This article begins its study with the causes of the fundraising risks, which can, accordingly, help us find the manifestations of these risks exactly and probe their effective prevention measures. Thise moment,economics is developing at quite fast speed, medium and smallsized enterprises are playing important role. Though the several methods have been taken to help medium and smallsized enterprises’ development, as information between bank and enterprises isn’t symmetrical, credit guarantee system is imperfect, financing channel is sole, the government support isn’t enough, individual power need enhancement, financing shortage bee the most serious and important difficulty. So, medium and smallsized enterprises should analyze the internal advantages, own corepetitiveness, form distinct characteristics. This article takes medium and smallsized enterprises’ financing problem as object of study, takes “AnShun station” in Shifang of Sichuan Province for example, from the view of financing environment, financing methods, and financing decision, introduced the challenges faced by domestic medium and smallsized enterprises. Based on Chinese reality, studying foreign experiences, making several studies and surveys, I reached some suggestions for transportation enterprises, intending to afford some references when making financing decis