【正文】 t move. In this scenario, when we turn the ring gear, the plas will walk along the sun gear (which is held stationary) causing the pla carrier to mm the output shaft in the same direction as the input shaft but at a slower speed causing gear reduction (similar to a car in first gear). If we unlock the sun gear and lock any two elements together, this will cause all three elements to turn at the same speed so that the output shaft will mm at the same rate of speed as the input shaft. This is like a car that is in third or high gear. Another way that we can use a Plaary gear set is by locking the pla carrier from moving, then applying power to the ring gear which will cause the sun gear to turn in the opposite direction giving us reverse gear. The clutch pack is used, in this instance, to lock the pla carrier with the sun gear forcing both to turn at the same speed. If both the clutch pack and the band were released, the system would be in neutral. Turning the input shaft would turn the pla gears against the sun gear, but since nothing is holding the sun gear, it will just spin free and have no effect on the output shaft. To place the unit in first gear, the band is applied to hold the sun gear from moving. To shift from first to high gear, the band is released and the clutch is applied causing the output shaft to turn at the same speed as the input shaft. Many more binations are possible using two or more plaary sets connected in various ways to provide the different forward speeds and reverse that are found in modem automatic transmissions. Some of the clever gear arrangements found in four and now, five, six and even sevenspeed automatics are plex enoug。s job to make sure that the power is delivered to the wheels while keeping the engine within that range. It does this through various gear binations. In first gear, the engine turns much faster in relation to the drive wheels, while in high gear the engine is loafing even though the car may be going in excess of 70 MPH. In addition to the various forward gears, a transmission also has a neutral position which disconnects the engine from the drive wheels, and reverse。s dynamic performance. It is usually required shifting gears rapidly and conveniently, saving force, and having a higher working efficiency and low working noises.The modern automatic transmission is by far, the most plicated mechanical ponent in today39。我們會(huì)更加努力的學(xué)習(xí)和工作，在實(shí)踐中不斷的收集資料、積累經(jīng)驗(yàn)，絕不辜負(fù)老師對(duì)我們的期望。由于各位老師的幫助，使我們對(duì)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)更加感興趣，使我們更加有信心地完成這次的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)。 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）34參考文獻(xiàn)[1]：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，1989[2] （第三版）.人民交通出版社，2022[3] （第一版）.清華大學(xué)出版社，2022[4] ，2022 年[5] 中國(guó)汽車車型手冊(cè)（上卷） 中國(guó)汽車技術(shù)研究中心 2022 年 第四版[6] （第1 版，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件篇）.吉林科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社，2022[7] （第 1 版）.人民交通出版社，2022[8] ，（第四卷）.中國(guó)汽車技術(shù)研究中心標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化研究所出版社，2022[9] （第 1 版）.北京理工文學(xué)出版社，1999[10]張啟明， CAD 技術(shù)（第 1 版）.人民交通出版社，2022[11][J].重慶工商大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版),2022,20(4).[12][J].汽車制造與裝備,2022(8).[13] ：電子工業(yè)出版社，2022.[14] 中國(guó)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)出版社，全國(guó)齒輪標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化技術(shù)委員會(huì)　編. 中國(guó)機(jī)械工業(yè)標(biāo)(下). 中國(guó)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)出版社，[15] 徐松棟. 汽車手動(dòng)變速器和自動(dòng)變速器檢修圖冊(cè). 上海 : 上海交通大.[16] Thmas D. Gillespie. Fundmentals of Vehicle Dynamics[J].SAE No. 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）35R114(ISBN 156091199/92).[17](美)Sebulek A. The TwoMass FlywhellA Torsional Vibration Damper for the Power Train of Passenger CarsState of the Art and Further Technical Development,(SAE 870394).SAE (2):89~98 致 謝感謝各位老師在這四年中對(duì)我們的教育，給了我們很多的專業(yè)知識(shí)，使我們更加的充實(shí)了自己，使我們都得到了很大的進(jìn)步。通過本次設(shè)計(jì)，使所設(shè)計(jì)的變速器工作可靠，傳動(dòng)效率更高。在設(shè)計(jì)過程中，利用CAXA繪圖。為了使得汽車能夠適應(yīng)于不同工程的需要，使得汽車的應(yīng)用范圍更加的廣泛，本變速器帶有取力器。其中二軸一擋、倒擋采用直齒輪，五檔是一軸與二軸直接嚙合直接擋，并且在四、五擋和二、三檔之間裝有總成結(jié)構(gòu)基本相同的鎖銷式慣性同步器，目的是使變速器換擋機(jī)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、換擋方便，也縮短了軸向尺寸。變速器采用中間軸式, 換檔形式采用的是同步器換檔和滑移齒輪換擋。根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)的目的、方法和步驟，我在長(zhǎng)春第一汽車制造廠實(shí)習(xí)的時(shí)候?qū)夥牌囎兯倨鬟M(jìn)行了調(diào)研，收集數(shù)據(jù)，然后在圖書館和網(wǎng)上尋找資料。mm）gK —齒寬系數(shù)cK —應(yīng)力集中系數(shù)，直齒輪 K =? ? 斜齒輪 K =K —重合度影響系數(shù)，主動(dòng)齒輪 K = 從動(dòng)齒輪 K = f fK —重合度影響系數(shù)，K =2? ?y—齒形系數(shù)取力器一軸雙聯(lián)齒輪二級(jí)齒輪的校核 mNTg??390max4???K1.?fb=25 ? 2472893max?dMFet N/mm N/?ybKFtfw? ??80~?2所以強(qiáng)度合格。2E～為彈性模量， ?I～為慣性力矩，對(duì)于實(shí)心軸： 64dI??D～為軸的直徑，花鍵處按平均直徑a 、b～為齒輪上作用力矩與支座 A、B 的距離L～為支座間的距離軸的全撓度為 ； 2scff??在其作用下應(yīng)力為 3dMW??M～ 22nscW～為抗彎截面系數(shù)軸在垂直面和水平面撓度的允許值為 f =—，f =— s齒輪所在平面的轉(zhuǎn)角不應(yīng)超過 。取力器軸的強(qiáng)度計(jì)算：軸在垂直面內(nèi)撓度為 ，水平面為 ，轉(zhuǎn)角為 ，cfsf? ； ； ；EILbaFfc321?EILbaFs32???EILabF31??～為輪齒齒寬在中間平面上的圓周力。該動(dòng)力輸出采用兩級(jí)齒輪傳動(dòng)，中間為雙聯(lián)齒輪。我所設(shè)計(jì)的取力器采用雙聯(lián)齒輪，同時(shí)考慮窗口的尺寸與形狀。 取力器齒輪、軸和軸承的參數(shù)選擇和強(qiáng)度計(jì)算參數(shù)選擇：變速器左側(cè)蓋取力器。其中中置式取力器又包括變速器上蓋取力、變速器側(cè)蓋取力、變速器后蓋取力。因此，取力裝置在專用汽車的設(shè)計(jì)和制造方面顯得尤為重要。再有就是可實(shí)現(xiàn)系列化，盡量能滿足三化的要求。中型專用汽車車變速器多處采用滾針軸承，在箱體處的支撐采用深溝球軸承，中間軸作端蓋采用角接觸軸承。當(dāng)?shù)箵鯎懿孑S移動(dòng)掛擋時(shí)，另外兩個(gè)撥叉軸被鋼球瑣住。倒擋鎖裝置 ：當(dāng)換擋桿下端向倒擋撥叉軸移動(dòng)時(shí)，必須壓縮彈簧才能進(jìn)入倒擋撥叉軸上的撥塊槽中?；ユi鎖裝置 ：當(dāng)中間換擋撥叉軸移動(dòng)掛擋時(shí)，另外兩個(gè)撥叉軸被鋼球瑣住。當(dāng)撥叉軸位置處于空擋或某一擋位置時(shí)，鋼珠壓在凹坑內(nèi)。在振動(dòng)等條件影響下，操縱機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)保證變速器不自行掛擋或自行脫擋。近年來，單軌式操縱機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)用較多，其優(yōu)點(diǎn)是減少了變速叉軸，各擋同用一組自鎖裝置，因而使操縱機(jī)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)化，但它要求各擋換擋行程相等。直接操縱手動(dòng)換擋變速器：當(dāng)變速器布置在駕駛員座椅附近，可將變速桿直接安裝在變速器上，并依靠駕駛員手力和通過變速桿直接完成換擋功能的手動(dòng)換擋變速器，稱為直接操縱變速器。（2）為了防止同時(shí)掛上兩個(gè)擋而使變速器卡死或損壞，在操縱機(jī)構(gòu)中設(shè)有互鎖裝置。在振動(dòng)等條件影響下，操縱機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)保證變速器不自行掛擋或自行脫擋。 中間軸常嚙合齒輪處進(jìn)行校核 ； ?? ???rZTFen ???nF本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）13 ??????F ；mamb923?所以 .. 48521 ?EILfc ~5.? ???IbaFfs rad????. 48645???EIL? 合格rad02.?mNFMc ???? 7653816ZTen ?9092max 23223 ??????? ； 合格??240mN???? 對(duì)中間軸四擋齒輪處進(jìn)行校核 ； ?? ???rZTFen ???nFN1isi2 ；ma04?b435??所以 ???EILfc 合格.~5.? ?IbaFfs 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）14????052.. ??????EILabF? 合格rd02.?mNMc ?. ??6949164ZTen ? 23223 ??????? ； 合格??240mN???? 對(duì)中間軸三擋齒輪進(jìn)行校核 ； N ?? ???rZTFen ???nF ；ma9?b1635??所以 ???EILfc ~5.?432?IbaFfs 合格ms1.?????????EIL? 合格rad02.?mNFMc ???. 68991ZTen ?? 23223 /??????本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）15 ； 合格??240mN?????? 對(duì)中間軸二擋齒輪處進(jìn)行校核 ；?? NrTFen ?? ????nN7619in3i2 ；a0mb201??所以 ..85221 ???EILFfc ?? ?Ibafs ~1????..0845?????EILF? 合格rad2.?mNMc ??? 97538ZTen ?.21max 23223 ??????? ； 合格??240mN???? 對(duì)中間軸一檔擋齒輪處進(jìn)行校核 ； NZrn3210? ????rZTFen本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）16 ??????nFNini2 ；ma6mb315?所以 ???EILfc ~5.?.?IbaFfs ?????????EIL? 合格rad02.?NFMc??mNs ?? ?572max 2