【正文】 d better do your homework first ［正］ Now， I39。［誤］ Now， I39。s wrong with you? 是詢問對方身體狀態(tài)如何，而 What39。s wrong with you?I39。s the problem? I39。［誤］ Have a good time tonight! You are the same ［正］ Have a good time tonight! The same to you ［析］ The same to you 是表達(dá)我也祝您有個(gè)愉快的夜晚，它是美語中的習(xí)慣用法。m sorry 是對已經(jīng)做錯(cuò)了的事向?qū)Ψ降狼笗r(shí)的開始語。［誤］ I39。s father) ［析］ 由 what 提問是問的職業(yè)，由 who 提問問的是姓名或身份。s that man?He is a teacher ［正］ Who39。m sorry［誤］ What39。而D選項(xiàng)是：不介意，你不能抽。 其意為：不介意，當(dāng)然不。如： Do you mind my smoking here? ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ Ａ．　Yes， do it pleaseＢ．　No， of course notＣ．　Yes， take it pleaseＤ．　No， you can39。ve kept you waitingNot at all ［正］ Sorry， I39。邀請的英語表達(dá)法還有如下幾種：Shall we go? 我們走吧!Let39。t like ［正］ Which colour do you like? I prefer blue ［析］ 由 which 來提問的問句是要回答具體的選擇，而不能泛指，泛泛的回答。如在商店中售貨員講這句話應(yīng)譯為：您想要點(diǎn)什么?在其他場合也可以被譯為：我能為您做些什么?它的答語應(yīng)是直接講出想讓對方提供的幫助。（二）　正誤辨析 ［誤］ What can I do for you? Yes， please help me ［正］ What can I do for you? I39。這純是一種禮貌的答語，但是不符合英語習(xí)慣。 三、 常見習(xí)慣用語（一）　知識概要 由于英語國家的語言習(xí)慣與中國的語言習(xí)慣有許多不同之處，所以造成了許多同學(xué)在做選擇或書寫，或與人交談中造成誤用中國方式來對英語的問句作解答。ve ever seen ［析］ 在先行詞是序數(shù)詞，或由序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)，其關(guān)系代詞不可用 which 這樣的用法還有在形容詞最高級修飾的先行詞之后，如： This is the best book that I have ever seen［誤］ He is from Africa, that we can see from the colour of the skin ［正］ He is from Africa, as we can see from the colour of the skin ［析］ 當(dāng) as 或 which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，它可能沒有明確的先行詞，它們所指代的是前面整個(gè)句子。［誤］ This is the first American film which I39。如： This is the room the old man lives in［誤］ I can do everything which is good for you ［正］ I can do everything that is good for you ［析］ 在先行詞是 all， much， little， something， everything， anything， nothing， none， the one 等不定代詞時(shí)，雖然它們指的是物體，但不要用 which 而用 that 作定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。［誤］ The teacher I want to learn English from is the one which es from America［正］ The teacher I want to learn English from is the one who es from America ［析］ the one， anyone， those 作代詞并且是指某人、物時(shí)，其關(guān)系代詞不能用 which 應(yīng)用 who。［誤］ The dictionary which I lent it yesterday is a very useful tool ［正］ The dictionary which I lent yesterday is a very useful tool ［析］ 關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中是要起語法作用的，它不是作主語就是作賓語。［誤］ The book， that I bought yesterday， was very good［正］ The book， which I bought yesterday， was very good ［析］ 先行詞與定語從句被逗號分割開來時(shí)，即作為非限制性定語從句。又如：I who am a student want to find a spare time job這里的 who 應(yīng)與 I 是一致的，所以其謂語動詞應(yīng)該用am。t tell you the name of the person who teaches me English ［析］ 在定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞作主語時(shí)，從它本身看不出其數(shù)的形式，這時(shí)要由它的先行詞決定。且關(guān)系代詞不引導(dǎo)這種非限制性定語從句，如： Abraham Lincoln， who led the United States through these years， was shot on April １４，?。保福叮?at a theatre in washington Ｄ．?。茫∮秩纾篏alileo lived in the city of Pisa， where there is a leaning tower about 180 feet high（二） 正誤辨析 ［誤］ I won39。它與主句的關(guān)系不十分密切，只是對其附加說明，也就是講即便去掉定語從句，句意也不受影響，仍然清晰明了。①　限制性定語從句是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語，如果去掉的話，主句的意思就不完整，意義就表述不明。如： The man that we were talking about has e to our school 這時(shí)不可用 about that … 請看下面例句：1．　 The meeting was interesting I went to itThe meeting that I went to was interesting 2．　 The man was very kind I talked to him yesterdayThe man who I talked to yesterday was very kind3．　 I must thank the people I got a present from himI must thank the people who I got a present from4．　 The picture was beautiful She was looking at itThe picture that (which) she was looking at was beautiful5．　 The man is standing over there I told you about himThe man who I told you about is standing over there除關(guān)系代詞外，還有關(guān)系副詞， when， where， why， 其中 when用來指時(shí)間，在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語。)4．　 We are studying sentences They contain adjective dauseWe are studying sentences that (which) contain adjective dause 5．　 The taxi driver was friendly He took me to the airportThe taxi driver who took me to the airport was friendly 6．　 The book was good I read itThe book that I read was goodThe book I read was good 7．　 The people were very nice We visited them yesterdayThe people we visited yesterday were very nice8．　 The man called the police His wallet was stolenThe man whose wallet was stolen called the police9．　 I e from a country Its history goes back thousands of yearsI e from a country whose history goes back thousands of years10．　 I have to call the man I picked up his umbrella after the meetingI have to call the man whose umbrella I picked up after the meeting關(guān)系代詞 whom， which 在定語從句中作介詞賓語時(shí)，可以和介詞一起放于先行詞與定語從句之間，有時(shí)為了關(guān)系緊湊也可以將 whom 與 which 與先行詞緊挨著書寫，而將介詞置于定語從句的后面，如：That was the room in which we had lived for ten years 或可以寫作：That was the room which we had lived in for ten yearsHe was the man whom(who) you were looking for 要注意的是此句的關(guān)系代詞 whom 可以用主格取代，而 look for 是短語動詞也不可將 for 放于定語從句之前。為了便于理解，我們來看看是如何將兩句話并為一句話的。s that woman (whom) you just talked to ? 你剛才與之談話的那個(gè)女人是誰?而 whom 作定語從句中介詞 to 的賓語，可以省略，而在現(xiàn)代英語中，句首的 whom 也常?？捎?who代替。 Who 在定語從句中作主語。又如： The book (which) I read last night was wonderful 這里主句是 The book was wonderful 而定語從句是修飾主句的主語 book， 即我昨晚讀的那本書，which 在定語從句中作 read 的賓語，可以省略。要注意的是關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語時(shí)可以省略，即： I like the book you lent me yesterday②　which 關(guān)系代詞的先行詞只能是物。這句譯為：飛機(jī)是一種會飛的機(jī)器。①　that 的先行詞可以是人也可以是物。如關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中不是作主語便是作賓語，而關(guān)系副詞則是作狀語。引導(dǎo)定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞有關(guān)系代詞： that， which， who， whom， whose 和關(guān)系副詞 when， where， why， how。又如： You must do everything that I do 這里先行詞是 everything， 而 that I do 是定語從句，此句應(yīng)譯為：你必須作我所作的一切。所以這兩句話合為一體即是：你認(rèn)識今天下午給我們作報(bào)告的那位科學(xué)家嗎?這里 scientist 叫作先行詞，而 who 叫作定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。它所修飾的名詞又被叫作先行詞，如： Do you know the scientist who gave us the talk this afternoon? 這句中的主句是 Do you know the scientist? (你知道那位科學(xué)家嗎?)而 who gave us the talk this afternoon (他今天下午給我們作的報(bào)告。 我們也可以用一個(gè)句子來修飾名詞，這種句子叫做形容詞性從句，它起修飾名詞的作用，又被叫做定語從句(The attributive clause)。這會對你的英語學(xué)習(xí)起到事半功倍的作用。為了解決這部分學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)困難，也為那些有志青年鋪平學(xué)習(xí)上的道路，特用這一節(jié)講述定語從句，不是從語法上講述，而是從閱讀理解方面去講述。這些學(xué)生一般是成績較好的學(xué)生，想進(jìn)行大量閱讀來提高自己的英語水平，但總是碰到一些問題，百思不得其解。t she［答案］ B.［析］ read這里是過去時(shí)態(tài)，因其主語是第三人稱單數(shù)，而 read 并未加 s 所以是過去時(shí)態(tài)。38　 Li Mei read the newspaper to the granny， ＿＿＿ ?A　does she B　didn39。t be late tomorrow C　not be late next morning D　not to