【正文】 了在表達(dá)宇宙中的客觀真理時(shí)，不能用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。如動(dòng)詞是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，它要用肯定句，如： I studied hard until 12 o39。t go to bed until his mother came back ②　由since， for， by， before 來引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。它們可能是主句用一般將來時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，如： If it rains, they won39。它表達(dá)的因果關(guān)系最強(qiáng)，如： He didn39。t study hard ②　since 應(yīng)譯為既然，如： Since you were ill yesterday I left some notes on your desk ③　as 應(yīng)譯為由于，如： As it is too hot we39。而 for 表達(dá)的因果關(guān)系最弱。②　用形容詞還是副詞，如： Mary writes as carefully as Tom 而其否定句為 not as (so) … as， 如： They didn39。 as 作為連詞其后接從句，如： Please do it as I did it 但后面的句子常作省略，如： Please do it as I 而 like 是介詞，其后要接的是賓語，如： Please do it like me結(jié)果和目的狀語從句主要有 so … that， so that， in order that等幾種用法。t buy it ④　so … that 之間只有形容詞時(shí)，則不能用 such， 如： It is so good that I want to buy ⑤　so that 其后接從句，如： I got up earlier so that I could catch the first bus（二）　正誤辨析 ［誤］ The stories in that book was written many years ago ［正］ The stories in that book were written many years ago. ［析］ 作主語的名詞、代詞或不定式、動(dòng)名詞，它們往往要帶有修飾詞，這些詞可能是形容詞，也可能是短語，但謂語動(dòng)詞還是要取決于這個(gè)主語的數(shù)，要記住的是一個(gè)名詞不可能在同一句中作兩個(gè)不同的語法成份，如： book 作了 of 的介詞賓語則不可能再作主語了。 ［誤］ What he said are right ［正］ What he said is right ［析］ 從句作主語一定要按單數(shù)主語看待。而 The school master and the writer are ing 則要譯為：校長和一個(gè)作家要來了。因?yàn)椴豢赡苓@樣兩個(gè)概念作用在一個(gè)人身上。［誤］ You or she go to get some water for us ［正］ You or she goes to get some water for us ［析］ 由 or 連接的兩個(gè)主語應(yīng)以離謂語動(dòng)詞近的那一個(gè)計(jì)算其數(shù)。［誤］ The teacher with a lot of students e into the classroom ［正］ The teacher with a lot of students es into the classroom ［析］ 真正的主語是 the teacher， 而 with 短語是伴隨狀態(tài)，不影響主語的數(shù)。如沒有量詞在前時(shí)，要用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞，但有了量詞之后則要按量詞的單復(fù)數(shù)計(jì)算。 ［誤］ Half of the work are done ［正］ Half of the work is done ［誤］ Half of the books is read ［正］ Half of the books are read ［析］ 在小于1的數(shù)量詞作主語時(shí)，如： ２ ３ ，８０％，０．３５… ＋ of ＋名詞，這時(shí)主語的數(shù)應(yīng)按 of 后面的名詞計(jì)算。［誤］ Each sides are full of trees ［正］ Each side is full of trees ［誤］ Both side is full of trees ［正］ Both sides are full of trees ［析］ each， either 其后都要加單數(shù)名詞，而 both 后要加復(fù)數(shù)名詞。［誤］ The boys each has an apple ［正］ The boys each have an apple ［析］ each 作同位語時(shí)，不影響句子的主語。［誤］ Girls like dancing very much， but few likes playing football ［正］ Girls like dancing very much， but few like playing football ［析］ few 雖然含意上是幾乎沒有，但作主語時(shí)仍要當(dāng)作復(fù)數(shù)。不論數(shù)字如何都應(yīng)看作單數(shù)。如： A number of students are playing on the grass［誤］ The rest of the students is here ［正］ The rest of the students are here ［誤］ The rest of the work are done ［正］ The rest of the work is done ［析］ the rest of 的用法與２／３，一半，８０％＋ of 的結(jié)構(gòu)一致， of 后面為可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞，為不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時(shí)用單數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞。［誤］ The news in today39。s newspaper is not bad ［析］ 有些以 s 結(jié)尾的名詞要用作不可數(shù)名詞，它們是：news， physics， mathematics， thanks， …［誤］ The Chinese is kind and friendly ［正］ The Chinese are kind and friendly ［析］ Chinese 作為中文來講是單數(shù)名詞，但作為中國人講是單復(fù)同形的名詞。［誤］ This dictionary is too expensive for me Ten dollars are a big sum for me［正］ This dictionary is too expensive for me Ten dollars is a big sum for me［析］ 表示一段時(shí)間，一筆金錢，一段距離，都應(yīng)看作單數(shù)名詞。它由 what 與 how 作句子的開始，判定是用 what 還是用 how 的最好辦法是將它們換為陳述句，比如： What the hot weather it is! 應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)換為： It is the hot weather 那么句子的起點(diǎn)是單詞 it。 再看第二句 How hot the weather is! 轉(zhuǎn)為陳述句時(shí)為： The weather is hot這時(shí)句子的開始單詞為 the weather， 再來看感嘆句在 the weather 前只有形容詞，所以應(yīng)用 how。［誤］ We have to sing this， have we? ［誤］ We have to sing this， haven39。t we?［析］ 在反意疑問句中除了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的一些常規(guī)外，有一些例外：Let39。t she?Do your homework at once， will you?There is not much good news in today39。t he?think 后的賓語從句，與其他賓語從句不一樣，在初中只有這樣一個(gè)較特殊的詞。t think he is ing to our party， is he?［誤］ I want to know where does he live ［正］ I want to know where he lives ［析］ 賓語從句中一律要用陳述語序，而不用疑問語序。t got a ticket for the football match Nor I have ［正］ I haven39。在肯定句的簡答句中則要用so， 如： I do my homework very quickly， So does Mary［誤］ Look! Here the bus es! ［正］ Look! Here es the bus! ［誤］ Look! Here es he! ［正］ Look! Here he es ［析］ 在 there， here 打頭的句子中，如果主語是名詞，則要采用倒裝語序；如果是人稱代詞則用一般語序。t hope so ［正］ Do you want Mary to go to the cinema with us?No， I hope not ［析］ 我不這樣想，可用 I don39。但這兩個(gè)詞的肯定簡答句形是一樣的，如： I think so. I hope so［誤］ That is difficult for us to learn English well ［正］ It is difficult for us to learn English well ［析］ It 這里的語法作用是形式主語，而真正的主語是后面的不定式。（三）　例題解析 1　 There ＿＿＿ a pencilbox on the desk．A .is B.　are C. has D. have［答案］ A.［析］ There be 句形中的 be 動(dòng)詞要看其后面離它最近的名詞而定，如： There are two books and a pencil on the desk 但卻可以講 There is a pencil and two books on the desk2　 Could you tell me ＿＿＿ ?A　Mrs King where lives B　where does Mrs King live C　where Mrs King lives D　Mrs King lives where［答案］ C.［析］ 賓語從句中的疑問句要用陳述語序。t he C　did he D　didn39。t he4　 It39。 it B　doesn39。t it［答案］ D.［析］ 要區(qū)分39。s 是is。t C　Don39。t ＋ 動(dòng)詞原形為祈始句的否定句。t been to Beijing, ＿＿＿ ?A　has he B　hasn39。t he［答案］ A.［析］ 此句 has 是助動(dòng)詞與過去分詞構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。t you C　do you D　don39。8　 ＿＿＿ sunny day! Let39。s a nurseA　where is your sister B　where your sister is C　what is your sister D　what your sister is［答案］ D.［析］ who 問的是姓名，如： Who is he? He is Smith 或 He is my father What 問的是職業(yè)，如： What is he? He is a teacher10　 John likes listening to the radio， ＿＿＿ ?A　does he B　doesn39。t John D　does Johe［答案］ B.［析］ 當(dāng)名詞作主語時(shí)，反意疑問句應(yīng)用代詞。12　 ＿＿＿ delicious food! I39。13　 ＿＿＿ there a cat under the chair?A　Are B　Is C　Has D　Have［答案］ B.［析］ 這是 there be 句型的疑問句。且賓語從句要用陳述語句。s going to be fine soon， I thinkA　How B　What a C　What an D　What［答案］ D.［析］ weather 為不可數(shù)名詞。 have gone to 是到某地去了，人現(xiàn)在不在這里。注意詞組搭配的不同含義。s go for some tea， ＿＿＿ ?A　shall we B　will we C　do we D　don39。s go …， shall we? Let us go …， will you?這是兩個(gè)特殊的反意疑問句。s short， ＿＿＿ ?A　wasn39。t she C　isn39。t she［答案］ C.［析］ 在此句中應(yīng)視39。20　 I don39。21　 He didn39。so 引起的是結(jié)果狀語從句，如： He was only twelve， so he couldn39。t B　does C　can39。其后的反意疑問句應(yīng)用肯定句。t he C　isn39。24　 Mother said to him， Don39。當(dāng)作次數(shù)講是可數(shù)名詞，如 three times 三次，而 Don39。25　 Mr White， together with some Japanese friends， ＿＿＿ visit our school this afternoon．A　are going to B　is going to C　have