【正文】 watched D. is doing。 watches B. is doing。 help D. Do。 help B. Has。At that time, people did not know that the earth moves.He told me last week that he is eighteen.2) 賓語從句中的助動(dòng)詞ought, need, must, dare 時(shí)態(tài)是不變的。2) 漸變動(dòng)詞，如：get, run, grow, bee, begin及die。3) It is (= has been) five years since we last met.5 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替進(jìn)行時(shí)1) 句型：Here es? ； There goes?Look, here es Mr. Li.6現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)代替將來時(shí)1) 表示即將發(fā)生的或預(yù)定中計(jì)劃好的活動(dòng)。It has been ? since ?amp。代替amp。 It is ? since?amp。Napoleon’s army now advances and the great battle begins.4 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替完成時(shí)1) 有些動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替完成時(shí)：hear, tell, learn, write , understand, forget, know, find , say, remember.I hear (= have heard) he will go to London.I forget (=have forgotten) how old he is.2) 句型 amp。The newspaper says that it’s going to be cold tomorrow.報(bào)紙上說明天會(huì)很冷的。quot。quot。quot。quot。(實(shí)際上每天如此。(2) 表示現(xiàn)在已安排好的未來事項(xiàng)，行程等活動(dòng)。本題有He said，故為過去式。 succeed D. would not give。 had not succeeded B. would not give。Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.2 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)時(shí)間狀語從句，條件句中，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)When, while, before, after, till, once, as soon as, so long as, by the time, if, in case (that), unless, even if, whether, the moment, the minute, the day, the year, immediatelyHe is going to visit her aunt the day he arrives in Beijing. 他一到北京，就去看他姨媽。 When she saw the mouse，she screamed.My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.2 ) 兩個(gè)動(dòng)作相繼發(fā)生，可用一般過去時(shí)；如第一個(gè)動(dòng)作需要若干時(shí)間完成，用過去完成時(shí)。因此前一句應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。quot。quot。這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去的過去，用過去完成時(shí)。忘了書amp。這一過去的動(dòng)作之前，因此amp。去取書amp。發(fā)生在amp。把書忘在辦公室amp。He said that he had learned some English before.By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.典型例題The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left 答案D. amp。quot。quot。She said (that) she had never been to Paris.b. 狀語從句在過去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在先，用過去完成時(shí)；發(fā)生在后，用一般過去時(shí)。：before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.：had + done.：had + not + done.：had放于句首。即動(dòng)作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +thatclause 的句型中，從句要用完成時(shí)。典型例題(1) Do you know our town at all?No, this is the first time I ___ here.A. was B. have been C. came D. am ing答案B. This is the first time 后面所加從句應(yīng)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故選B。It is the first time that I have visited the city.It was the third time that the boy had been late.2）This is the? that?結(jié)構(gòu)，that 從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí).This is the best film that I’ve (ever) seen.這是我看過的最好的電影。)I have finished my homework now.Will somebody go and get Dr. White?He’s already been sent for.句子中如有過去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）時(shí)，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用過去時(shí)。She returned yesterday.她是昨天回來了。） Who hasn’t handed in his paper? （強(qiáng)調(diào)有卷子，可能為不公平競爭。 舉例：I saw this film yesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過了。2）過去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語連用，或無時(shí)間狀語。die → be dead finish, end → be over go out → be outjoin → be in borrow→keep finish/end →be overclose →be closed leave, move → be away。但它們能夠用表示持續(xù)狀態(tài)的相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞替換句中的非延續(xù)性性動(dòng)詞?！艾F(xiàn)在完成時(shí) + 表示一段時(shí)間的狀語”的句型中。10 例如:─ Has Tom ever been to Paris? 湯姆去過巴黎嗎?─ Yes, he’s been there several times. 是的，他去過好幾次了。Has he gone to Shenyang? 他去沈陽了嗎?3. have/ has been to常和once, twice, never, ever連用。2. have/has gone to 、have/has been to 和have/has been in的區(qū)別have/ has gone to 去了，在去某地的路上或在某地，人還未回來have/ has been to 曾經(jīng)去過，人已經(jīng)回來了have/ has been in 已經(jīng)在，常與一段時(shí)間連用如：He has been to Shenyang before. 他以前曾去過沈陽。如：Have you got penfriends? Yes, I have.你有筆友嗎?是的，我有。注意2) 當(dāng)在肯定陳述句中含有already或just 時(shí)，在轉(zhuǎn)換成否定句時(shí)，要把句中的already 或just 去掉，在句末加上yet.。例如：I’ve known Li Li for 4 years. 我認(rèn)識(shí)麗麗已經(jīng)4年了。(從1990年開始住在沈陽一直住到現(xiàn)在，也可能繼續(xù)住也可能就此為止。(六年前開始學(xué)英語，一直學(xué)到現(xiàn)在, 也可能繼續(xù)學(xué)也可能就此不學(xué)了。)2. 表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去并延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。(過去某時(shí)開始做，到現(xiàn)在已完成)2)He has already e 他已經(jīng)來了。標(biāo)志詞：for, since, since?ago基本結(jié)構(gòu)：助動(dòng)詞have/has + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞(當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)用has,其余人稱用have)1)肯定式：主語 + have / has + 過去分詞2)否定式：主語 + have / has + not + 過去分詞3)一般疑問句： Have / Has + 主語 + 過去分詞Yes, 主語 + have/has.(肯定) No, 主語 + haven’t/hasn’t.(否定)4)特殊疑問句： 特殊疑問詞+have/has+主語+過去分詞例句1. 過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作到目前為止這個(gè)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成或剛剛完成。7現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法1：表示：過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。如：I didn’t know if she was going to e。 Wang Lei said that she would visit her uncle next Saturday。如：I didn’t know if she would e。(2)過去將來時(shí)的用法過去將來時(shí)表示過去的某一時(shí)間看來將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。：He said he would go to Beijing the(1)過去將來時(shí)由“助動(dòng)詞would+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成。：the next day(morning,