【正文】 人稱單數(shù)時用has,其余人稱用have)1)肯定式：主語 + have / has + 過去分詞2)否定式：主語 + have / has + not + 過去分詞3)一般疑問句： Have / Has + 主語 + 過去分詞Yes, 主語 + have/has.(肯定) No, 主語 + haven’t/hasn’t.(否定)4)特殊疑問句： 特殊疑問詞+have/has+主語+過去分詞例句1. 過去某時發(fā)生的動作到目前為止這個動作已經(jīng)完成或剛剛完成。如：1)I have finished my homework. 我做完家庭作業(yè)了。(過去某時開始做，到現(xiàn)在已完成)2)He has already e 他已經(jīng)來了。(過去某時開始離開某地到這來，現(xiàn)在已在這。)2. 表示動作發(fā)生在過去并延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。如：1)I have studied English for six years. 我已經(jīng)學(xué)了六年英語了。(六年前開始學(xué)英語，一直學(xué)到現(xiàn)在, 也可能繼續(xù)學(xué)也可能就此不學(xué)了。)2)I have lived in Shenyang since 1990. 我從1990年就在沈陽住。(從1990年開始住在沈陽一直住到現(xiàn)在，也可能繼續(xù)住也可能就此為止。)注意1) 當表示一段時間，現(xiàn)在完成時可以用for 或since引導(dǎo)的狀語。例如：I’ve known Li Li for 4 years. 我認識麗麗已經(jīng)4年了。I have worked here since 8 years ago. 自從8年前我就在這工作。注意2) 當在肯定陳述句中含有already或just 時，在轉(zhuǎn)換成否定句時，要把句中的already 或just 去掉，在句末加上yet.。例如：I have already seen the film. I haven’t seen the film yet.He has just e. He hasn’t e yet?使用時注意事項1.“have/ has got ” 形式上是一種完成時，但和have/ has 為同一意思“有”。如：Have you got penfriends? Yes, I have.你有筆友嗎?是的，我有。Has he got a lot of work to do? No, he hasn’t.他有許多工作要做嗎?不，他沒有。2. have/has gone to 、have/has been to 和have/has been in的區(qū)別have/ has gone to 去了，在去某地的路上或在某地，人還未回來have/ has been to 曾經(jīng)去過，人已經(jīng)回來了have/ has been in 已經(jīng)在，常與一段時間連用如：He has been to Shenyang before. 他以前曾去過沈陽。He has been in Shenyang for ten years. 他在沈陽10年了。Has he gone to Shenyang? 他去沈陽了嗎?3. have/ has been to常和once, twice, never, ever連用。have/ has gone to則不可。10 例如:─ Has Tom ever been to Paris? 湯姆去過巴黎嗎?─ Yes, he’s been there several times. 是的，他去過好幾次了。─ Where have they gone? 他們?nèi)ツ睦锪?─ They’ve gone to Shenyang. 他們?nèi)ド蜿柫??！艾F(xiàn)在完成時 + 表示一段時間的狀語”的句型中。這類動詞有：e, go, start, leave, die, buy, finish, join, borrow, stop等。但它們能夠用表示持續(xù)狀態(tài)的相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞替換句中的非延續(xù)性性動詞。例如： arrive, e → be here, be in buy → have begin, start → be on 。die → be dead finish, end → be over go out → be outjoin → be in borrow→keep finish/end →be overclose →be closed leave, move → be away。 fall asleep → be asleep10 比較過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時1）過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強調(diào)動作；現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的，強調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強調(diào)的是影響。2）過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。一般過去時的時間狀語:yesterday, last week，?ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具體的時間狀語共同的時間狀語:this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always, 不確定的時間狀語3）現(xiàn)在完成時可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，動詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.過去時常用的非持續(xù)性動詞有e, go, leave, start, die, finish, bee, get married等。 舉例：I saw this film yesterday.（強調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生過了。）I have seen this film.（強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的（強調(diào)起床的動作已發(fā)生過了。） Who hasn’t handed in his paper? （強調(diào)有卷子，可能為不公平競爭。）She has returned from Paris.她已從巴黎回來了。She returned yesterday.她是昨天回來了。He has been in the League for three years.(在團內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù))He has been a League member for three years.(是團員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù))He joined the League three years ago.11 ( 三年前入團，joined為短暫行為。)I have finished my homework now.Will somebody go and get Dr. White?He’s already been sent for.句子中如有過去時的時間副詞（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）時，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時，要用過去時。（錯）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（對）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.用于現(xiàn)在完成時的句型1）It is the first / second time?. that?結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時。It is the first time that I have visited the city.It was the third time that the boy had been late.2）This is the? that?結(jié)構(gòu)，that 從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時.This is the best film that I’ve (ever) seen.這是我看過的最好的電影。This is the first time (that) I’ve heard him sing. 這是我第一次聽他唱歌。典型例題(1) Do you know our town at all?No, this is the first time I ___ here.A. was B. have been C. came D. am ing答案B. This is the first time 后面所加從句應(yīng)為現(xiàn)在完成時，故選B。(2) Have you ____ been to our town before?No, it’s the first time I ___ here.A. even, e B. even, have e C. ever, e D. ever, have e答案D. ever意為曾經(jīng)或無論何時，反意詞為never，此兩詞常用于完成時。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +thatclause 的句型中，從句要用完成時。 注意：非延續(xù)性動詞的否定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時間的狀語連用。即動作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。（錯）I have received his letter for a month.（對）I haven’t received his letter for almost a month.8 過去完成時：以過去某個時間為標準，在此以前發(fā)生的動作或行為，或在過去某動作之前完成的行為，即“過去的過去”。：before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.：had + done.：had + not + done.：had放于句首。：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books2） 用法a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞后的賓語從句。She said (that) she had never been to Paris.b. 狀語從句