【正文】 he _______ a book at that moment. A. just read B. has just read C. was just read。 watch D. Have。 watch B. Are。 is D. es。 will be B. es。 go D. would。 gone B. will。 were D. don’t。 are B. didn’t。 watched D. is doing。 watches B. is doing。 help D. Do。 help B. Has。 At that time, people did not know that the earth moves. He told me last week that he is eighteen. 2) 賓語從句中的助動詞ought, need, must, dare 時態(tài)是不變的。 2) 漸變動詞，如：get, run, grow, bee, begin及die。s army now advances and the great battle begins. 4 一般現(xiàn)在時代替完成時 1) 有些動詞用一般現(xiàn)在時代替完成時： hear, tell, learn, write , understand, forget, know, find , say, remember. I hear (= have heard) he will go to London. I forget (=have forgotten) how old he is. 2) 句型 It is ? since?代替It has been ? since ?3) It is (= has been) five years since we last met. 5 一般現(xiàn)在時代替進行時 1) 句型：Here es? ； There goes? Look, here es Mr. Li. 6現(xiàn)在進行時代替將來時 1) 表示即將發(fā)生的或預(yù)定中計劃好的活動。 2) 敘述往事，使其生動。 The newspaper says that it39。(實際上每天如此。 (2) 表示現(xiàn)在已安排好的未來事項，行程等活動。本題有He said，故為過去式。 succeed D. would not give。 had not succeeded B. would not give。 Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492. 2 一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時 時間狀語從句，條件句中，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時 When, while, before, after, till, once, as soon as, so long as, by the time, if, in case (that), unless, even if, whether, the moment, the minute, the day, the year, immediately He is going to visit her aunt the day he arrives in Beijing. 他一到北京，就去看他姨媽。 When she saw the mouse，she screamed. My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 2 ) 兩個動作相繼發(fā)生，可用一般過去時；如第一個動作需要若干時間完成，用過去完成時。因此 前一句應(yīng)用過去進行時。 He said that he had learned some English before. By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 典型例題 The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office. A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left 答案D. 把書忘在辦公室發(fā)生在去取書這一過去的動作之前，因此忘了書這一動作發(fā)生在過去的過去，用過去完成時。 When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. c. 表示意向的動詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過去完成時表示原本?，未能? We had hoped that you would e, but you didn39。 ：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left. By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books 2） 用法 a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞后的賓語從句。t received his letter for almost a month. 8 過去完成時 1).概念：以過去某個時間為標準，在此以前發(fā)生的動作或行為，或在過去某動作之前完成的行為，即“過去的過去”。即動作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +thatclause 的句型中，從句要用完成時。 (2) Have you ____ been to our town before? No, it39。ve heard him sing. 這是我第一次聽他唱歌。ve (ever) seen. 這是我看過的最好的電影。 錯）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （對）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 用于現(xiàn)在完成時的句型 1）It is the first / second time?. that?結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時。) I have finished my homework now. Will somebody go and get Dr. White? He39。 She returned yesterday. 她是昨天回來了。t handed in his paper? （強調(diào)有卷子，可能為不公平競爭。） Why did you get up so early? （強調(diào)起床的動作已發(fā)生過了。 舉例：I saw this film yesterday. （強調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生過了。 fall asleep → be asleep 4. 比較過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時 1）過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強調(diào)動作；現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的，強調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強調(diào)的是影響。但它們能夠用表示持續(xù)狀態(tài)的相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞替換句中的非延續(xù)性性動詞。 4).非延續(xù)性動詞不能用“現(xiàn)在完成時 + 表示一段時間的狀語”的句型中。 例如:─ Has Tom ever been to Paris? 湯姆去過巴黎嗎? ─ Yes, he’s been there several times. 是的，他去過好幾次了。 Has he gone to Shenyang? 他去沈陽了嗎? 3). have/ has been to常和once, twice, never, ever連用。 2). have/has gone to 、have/has been to 和have/has been in的區(qū)別 have/ has gone to 去了，在去某地的路上或在某地，人還未回來 have/ has been to 曾經(jīng)去過，人已經(jīng)回來了 have/ has been in 已經(jīng)在，常與一段時間連用 如：He has been to Shenyang before. 他以前曾去過沈陽。 如：Have you got penfriends? Yes, I have. 你有筆友嗎?是的，我有。 注意2) 當在肯定陳述句中含有already或just 時，在轉(zhuǎn)換成否定句時，要把句中的already 或just 去掉，在句末加上yet.。 例如：I’ve known Li Li for 4 years. 我認識麗麗已經(jīng)4年了。 (從1990年開始住在沈陽一直住到現(xiàn)在，也可能繼續(xù)住也可能就此為止。 (六年前開始學英語，一直學到現(xiàn)在, 也可能繼續(xù)學也可能就此不學了。)2. 表示動作發(fā)生在過去并延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。(過去某時開始做，到現(xiàn)在已完成) 2)He has already e 他已經(jīng)來了。t.(否定)4)特殊疑問句： 特殊疑問詞+have/has+主語+過去分詞 例句1. 過去某時發(fā)生的動作到目前為止這個動作已經(jīng)完成或剛剛完成。 標志詞：for, since, since?ago 1. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：助動詞have/has + 動詞的過去分詞 (當主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時用has,其余人稱用have) 1)肯定式：主語 + have / has + 過去分詞 2)否定式：主語 + have / has + not + 過去分詞3)一般疑問句： Have / Has + 主語 + 過去分詞 Yes, 主語 + have/has.(肯定) No, 主語 + haven39。 7現(xiàn)在完成時 用法1：表示：過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。t know if she was going to e。 過去將來時也可以用“was(were) going to +動詞原形”來表示。t sure whether he would do it。t know if she would e。 過去將來時常用在賓語從句中。would常縮略為‘d。would/should + not + do. ：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。m leaving tomorrow. Are you staying here till next week? ：立足于過去某一時刻，從過去看將來，常用于賓語從句中。常用詞為 e, go, start, arrive, leave, stay等。ll write to you as soon as I arrive there. (4)在動詞hope, take care that, make sure that等后。 The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. (2)倒裝句，表示動作正在進行，如： Here es the bus. = The bus is ing. There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. (3)在時間或條件句中。m going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主觀安排) . 7) 一般現(xiàn)在時表將來 (1)下列動詞：e, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。 be going to 表示主觀的打算或計劃。 5) be going to / will 用于條件句時， be going to 表將來 will 表意愿 If you are going to make a journey, you39。We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 4) be about to +不定式，意為馬上做某事。 The play is going to be produced next month。 a. 主語的意圖，即將做某事。 will 在陳述句中用于各人稱，在爭求意見時常用于第二人稱。 will/shall+主語 +動詞原形+其它成份 Will you stay at home with us tomorrow ? 明天你和我們呆在家里好嗎? (Wh