【正文】
。 3. 比較常用全麻藥的特點(diǎn)。 43 Practices 1. 解釋: MAC、分離麻醉、麻醉前給藥。 抗心律失常 bupivacaine酰胺類 +++ 中等 較大 浸潤 ,傳導(dǎo) ,腰麻 42 局麻藥 普魯利多丁卡因,鈉流受阻麻神經(jīng)。 ( 2) 抗心律失常 。 5. epidural anesthesia(硬膜外麻醉): N根 6. regional analgesia(區(qū)域鎮(zhèn)痛 ) 【 techniques of local anesthesia】 (局麻方式 ) 1. surface anesthesia(表面麻醉): N末梢 2. infiltration anesthesia(浸潤麻醉): N末梢 3. conduction anesthesia(傳導(dǎo)麻醉): N干 34 35 【 individuals of LAs】 (常用藥物 ) Procaine 普魯卡因 (奴佛卡因) 1. 穿透力差,不用于表面麻醉 ; can not be used for surface anesthesia. 2. 水解生成對氨苯甲酸 ( PABA); 3. 易過敏 。 26 Definition ( 定義 ) Local anesthetics (LAs) are drugs that block both the generation (產(chǎn)生 ) and the conduction ( 傳導(dǎo) ) of the nerve impulse( 沖動(dòng) ) when applied locally to nerve tissue in appropriate ( 適當(dāng)?shù)?) concentrations. 27 Local anesthetics produce the reversible( 可逆的 ) loss of sensation without the loss of consciousness. The first local anesthetic to be discovered is cocaine (可卡因 ). Owing to addiction (成癮 ), its clinical uses was limited. 28 A chemical search for synthetic (合成的 ) substitutes (代用品 ) for cocaine started in 1892. This resulted in 1905 in the synthesis of procaine (普魯卡因 ), which is still useful local anesthetic. 29 【 structure activity relationship】 (構(gòu)效關(guān)系 ) The molecule( 分子 ) of LA can be divided into three main portions(部分 ): 芳香族環(huán) :疏水性 (hydrophobicity)( 親脂性 )