【正文】
Conclusions ? Tuberculosis is the most important, most monly missed type of specific genitourinary infection. ? It should always be considered in any case of pyuria without bacteriuria or in any resistant urinary tract infection that does not respond to treatment. Conclusions ? Genitourinary tuberculosis is always secondary to pulmonary infection, though in many cases,the primary focus has already healed or is in a subclinical form. ? Infection occurs via the hematogenous route. Conclusions ? The kidneys and (less monly) the prostate are principal sites of urinary tract involvement, though all other segments of the genitourinary system can be affected. 。 ? 有時(shí)有血精,射精痛 ? DRE: 前列腺表面有結(jié)節(jié),無明顯觸痛 Tuberculosis of prostate ? 診斷: ? 反復(fù)的血精或其它部位有結(jié)核病變 —警 惕結(jié)核。 3. 若睪丸有病變 , 病變靠近附睪 , 則可連同附睪將睪丸部分切除 。 Tuberculosis of epididymis 附睪結(jié)核應(yīng)與慢性附睪炎鑒別 . 治疔原則 1. 與腎結(jié)核相同 , 早期可采用藥物治療 。 ? 輸精管增粗,呈串珠伏。 ? 多從尾部開始發(fā)病。 Prognosis ? In a high percentage of cases, ? Cure is obtained by medical means. ? Unilateral renal lesions have the best prognosis. Male genital tuberculosis ? 主要來源于其他部位的結(jié)核病灶,經(jīng)血行感染而來。 4. 整形手術(shù): 矯正輸尿管狹窄手術(shù) 膀胱攣縮可采用回腸或乙狀結(jié)腸膀胱擴(kuò)大術(shù) 尿路改道 Treatment ? For a severely contracted bladder, enterocystoplasty will increase vesical volume. Treatment ? 一側(cè)腎結(jié)核(功能已喪失),對(duì)側(cè)腎積水如何處理? ? 根據(jù)積水側(cè)功能情況進(jìn)行治疔! 1. 功能尚佳者可先切除結(jié)核病腎,再解除積水梗阻。 2. 部分腎切除: 局限在一極的病變 。 Pathology ? 泌尿系結(jié)核的病理特點(diǎn): ? 組織破壞和修復(fù)混合存在。 ? 膀胱結(jié)核潰瘍向外穿透 —可 形成膀胱陰道瘺或膀胱直腸瘺。 ? 輸尿管完全閉塞,尿液不能排入膀胱,臨床癥狀減輕 Pathology ? 腎自截( autonephrectomy) : ? 輸尿管結(jié)核的嚴(yán)重表現(xiàn) ? 但壞死物質(zhì)不能排除,腎臟廣泛破壞,功能損害至全部喪失。 Pathology ? 輸尿管結(jié)核 : ? 輸尿管結(jié)核最常見于下段,其次上段。 ? 膿腫也可局限在腎實(shí)質(zhì),形成閉合性濃重。結(jié)核結(jié)節(jié)相互融合,形成干洛樣壞死、液化,形成膿腫。 ? 左、右側(cè)發(fā)病率無差別。 Pathology ? 臨床型腎結(jié)核 : ? 因細(xì)菌數(shù)量大,毒性高而機(jī)體抵抗力弱,結(jié)核結(jié)節(jié)融合、擴(kuò)大,逐漸向隋質(zhì)發(fā)展并在腎乳頭處破潰,患者出現(xiàn)臨床癥狀 。 ? 雖然有鏡下血尿、可找到結(jié)核菌,但無臨床癥狀,IVP正常。 it may take 15~20 years to destroy a kidney in a patient who has good resistance to the infection. ? Therefore, there is no renal pain and little or no clinical disturbance of any type until the lesion has involved the calyces or the pelvis. ? It is only at this stage that symptoms ( of cystitis) are manifested. Pathogenesis A. kidney and ureter: ? As the