【正文】
1. 腎切除 :無(wú)功能腎結(jié)核;腎實(shí)質(zhì)破壞 2/3個(gè)大盞以上 ,合并有難以控制的高血壓;伴輸尿管嚴(yán)重梗阻 。 2. 部分腎切除: 局限在一極的病變 。 3. 病灶清除術(shù) : 適合于結(jié)核膿腫 , 一般穿刺解決 。 4. 整形手術(shù): 矯正輸尿管狹窄手術(shù) 膀胱攣縮可采用回腸或乙狀結(jié)腸膀胱擴(kuò)大術(shù) 尿路改道 Treatment ? For a severely contracted bladder, enterocystoplasty will increase vesical volume. Treatment ? 一側(cè)腎結(jié)核(功能已喪失),對(duì)側(cè)腎積水如何處理? ? 根據(jù)積水側(cè)功能情況進(jìn)行治疔! 1. 功能尚佳者可先切除結(jié)核病腎,再解除積水梗阻。 2. 若積水嚴(yán)重,腎功能不良則應(yīng)先解除 梗阻,然后切除無(wú)功能的結(jié)核腎臟。 Prognosis ? In a high percentage of cases, ? Cure is obtained by medical means. ? Unilateral renal lesions have the best prognosis. Male genital tuberculosis ? 主要來(lái)源于其他部位的結(jié)核病灶,經(jīng)血行感染而來(lái)。 ? 50~70%合并男生殖器結(jié)核 ? 附睪和前列腺結(jié)核常同時(shí)存在 Tuberculosis of epididymis ? 大多為單側(cè),起病緩慢。 ? 多從尾部開始發(fā)病。 ? 附睪逐漸增大,多無(wú)明顯疼痛,腫大的附睪可與陰囊粘連或形成寒性膿腫、破潰成為竇道,經(jīng)久不愈。 ? 輸精管增粗,呈串珠伏。 ? 直腸指檢,前列腺有硬結(jié)。 Tuberculosis of epididymis 附睪結(jié)核應(yīng)與慢性附睪炎鑒別 . 治疔原則 1. 與腎結(jié)核相同 , 早期可采用藥物治療 。 2. 如治療效果不明顯或病變較大 , 有膿腫形成 , 則可行附睪切除 , 術(shù)時(shí)應(yīng)盡量保留睪丸 。 3. 若睪丸有病變 , 病變靠近附睪 , 則可連同附睪將睪丸部分切除 。 Treatment ? In unilateral epididymal involvement, epididymectomy plus contralateral vasectomy is indicated to prevent descent of the infection from the prostate to that an ? bilateral epididymectomy should be done if both sides are involved. Tuberculosis of epididymis Tuberculosis of prostate ? 常無(wú)自覺(jué)癥狀。 ? 有時(shí)有血精,射精痛 ? DRE: 前列腺表面有結(jié)節(jié),無(wú)明顯觸痛 Tuberculosis of prostate ? 診斷: ? 反復(fù)的血精或其它部位有結(jié)核病變 —警 惕結(jié)核。 ? 鑒別診斷: ? 前列腺炎 —普 通抗菌素有效 ? 前列腺癌 —老 年, DRE, PSA ? 治療: ? 采用藥物治療為主,一般不采用手術(shù)治療。 Conclusions ? Tuberculosis is the most important, most monly missed type of specific genitourinary infection. ? It should always be considered in any case of pyuria without bacteriuria or in any resistant urinary tract infection that does not respond to treatment. Conclusions ? Genitourinary tuberculosis is always secondary to pulmonary infection, though in many cases,the primary focus has already healed or is in a subclinical form. ? Infection occurs via the hematogenous route. Conclusions ? The kidneys and (less monly) the prostate are principal sites of urinary tract involvement, though all other segments of the genitourinary system can be affected.