chap18勞動(dòng)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理,曼昆,中英文雙語(參考版)
2025-05-15 13:57本頁面
【正文】 u 結(jié)果，一種要素供給的變化改變了所有要素的均衡收入。 2022 by Harcourt, Inc. Summary u Because factors of production are used together, the marginal product of any one factor depends on the quantities of all factors that are available. u As a result, a change in the supply of one factor alters the equilibrium earnings of all the factors. Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 u 由于要素需求反映了那種因素的邊際產(chǎn)量值，在均衡時(shí)每種要素根據(jù)其對(duì)物品和勞務(wù)生產(chǎn)的邊際貢獻(xiàn)得到報(bào)酬。 2022 by Harcourt, Inc. Summary u The price paid to each factor adjusts to balance the supply and demand for that factor. u Because factor demand reflects the value of the marginal product of that factor, in equilibrium each factor is pensated according to its marginal contribution to the production of goods and services. Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 u 向右上方傾斜的勞動(dòng)供給曲線意味著人們對(duì)工資上升的反應(yīng)是享受較少的閑暇和更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的工作。 2022 by Harcourt, Inc. 小結(jié) u 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的、追求利潤(rùn)最大化的企業(yè)使用每一種要素的量要達(dá)到該要素的邊際產(chǎn)量值等于其價(jià)格這一點(diǎn)上。 Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 u 三個(gè)最重要的生產(chǎn)要素是勞動(dòng)、土地和資本。 2022 by Harcourt, Inc. Summary n The economy’s ine is distributed in the markets for the factors of production. n The three most important factors of production are labor, land, and capital. n The demand for a factor, such as labor, is a derived demand that es from firms that use the factors to produce goods and services. Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2022 by Harcourt, Inc. Linkages Among the Factors of Production 生產(chǎn)要素之間的聯(lián)系 A change in earnings of any factor can be found by analyzing the impact of the event on the value of the marginal product of that factor. 通過分析某個(gè)事件對(duì)那種要素邊際產(chǎn)量值的影響來找出任何一種要素收入的變化。 2022 by Harcourt, Inc. Linkages Among the Factors of Production 生產(chǎn)要素之間的聯(lián)系 A change in the supply of one factor alters the earnings of all the factors. 任何一種生產(chǎn)要素的變化都會(huì)改變所有要素的收入。 u 任何一種要素的邊際產(chǎn)量依賴于其它要素的可獲得量。 2022 by Harcourt, Inc. Linkages Among the Factors of Production Factors of production are used together. u The marginal product of any one factor depends on the quantities of all factors that are available. Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 u 每種要素各自賺到了它們對(duì)生產(chǎn)過程的邊際貢獻(xiàn)的價(jià)值。 2022 by Harcourt, Inc. Equilibrium in Markets for Land and Capital u Each factor’s rental price must equal the value of their marginal product. u They each earn the value of their marginal contribution to the production process. Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 Figure 7 The Markets for Land and Capital Quantity of Land 0 Rental Price of Land Demand Supply Demand Supply Quantity of Capital 0 Rental Price of Capital Q P (a) The Market for Land (b) The Market for Capital P Q Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2022 by Harcourt, Inc. 土地和資本市場(chǎng)的均衡 u 土地與資本的租賃價(jià)格是由供給和需求決定的。 Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 228。 2022 by Harcourt, Inc. 其它生產(chǎn)要素 : 土地和資本 n 土地和資本的價(jià)格 228。 The purchase price is what a person pays to own a factor of production indefinitely. 228。 Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2022 by Harcourt, Inc. 其它生產(chǎn)要素 : 土地和資本 u 資本 是指生產(chǎn)物品與勞務(wù)的設(shè)備與建筑物的存量。 Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 u 人力資本 u 當(dāng)工人受教育越多時(shí)，他們生產(chǎn)的就越多。 2022 by Harcourt, Inc. Three Determinants of Productivity u Physical Capital u When workers work with a larger quantity of equipment and structures, they produce more. u Human Capital u When workers are more educated, they produce more. u Technological Knowledge u When workers have access to more sophisticated technologies, they produce more. Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2022 by Harcourt, Inc. Productivity and Wage Gro
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