【正文】 16周The Benefits of Educational Toys “Play is the work of childhood, ” according to Jean Piaget, a 20th century educational researcher and theorist. Piaget described four stages that children pass through as they grow. Each stage acplishes a new skill that builds on the learning of the previous stage. This article will introduce these four stages and discuss the benefits of educational toys. The Sensorimotor StageThe sensorimotor stage occurs from birth through the age of two years. The child progresses from the simple reflexes of a newborn, such as rooting and sucking, to the ability and think symbolically. Toys offered during this time should be appropriate to the substage that the child is in.Newborn babies through about four months old need simple toys, such as teething rings and other toys that are safe for the baby to put in his or her mouth. At about four months old, babies are starting to notice that things exist outside of themselves. Rattles and toys that they can shake and which give the same reproducible results each time are excellent for children of this age. By the time a child is about two years old, he or she has learned that objects continue to exist even when they are out of sight. At this point, stacking, pulling and other toys that allow the child to experiment with the toy to achieve different results are good choices. All of the educational toys given during the sensorimotor period should be safe for the child to explore with his or her senses.Preoperational: Age Two To Seven YearsChildren progress through the preoperational stage from ages two through seven. This is the age of magical thinking and the mastery of motor skills. Children of this age do not think logically. Educational toys suitable for this stage include blocks, dolls, dress ups and other things that stimulate the imagination. Puzzles, coloring, reading and simple math games are also appropriate for children of this stage.The Concrete Operational StageFrom ages seven years through 12 years old, children pass through the concrete operational stage. They can use simple logic, but their thinking is still very concrete. Toys that foster imagination, work to develop critical thinking skills, such as puzzles, chess or other games, as well as toys that enhance academic skills are good choices for this age group.Formal Operational: Age Twelve And UpFrom the age of 12 onward, the child’s ability to thinking more logically develops. Children can think abstractly. More and more time will be spent on academics and less time on play. Socializing and peers will take the place of toys. Particular passions and hobbies will emerge and should be encouraged through shared or supported activities.Educational Toys and Life Skills Educational toys not only promote developmental skills in children. They also help children acquire and improve essential life skills. Creativity, selfconfidence, independence, responsibility, and integrity can all be cultivated through the use of carefully selected educational toys.Creativity One hallmark of educational toys is how well they support creative, openended play. A tray of wooden food can inspire a child to spend a whole afternoon running a pretend restaurant or planting and harvesting crops on a pretend farm. A set of blocks can be turned into a tower, a road system, a fort, a car, or even different animals. And the possibilities for a pound of modeling clay are endless! The more time a child spends exploring all the different things a toy can bee, the more developed the child39。511周3根據(jù)中期答辯意見，完善設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容，輸出定稿的三維模型、渲染效果圖、規(guī)范的裝配三視圖和平面排版的效果圖展板，完成設(shè)計(jì)模型制作,撰寫畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文等。四、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）進(jìn)程安排及實(shí)習(xí)安排序 號設(shè)計(jì)（論文）各階段名稱日 期1 查閱資料，根據(jù)任務(wù)書要求，了解課題相關(guān)理論知識和軟件運(yùn)用，構(gòu)思設(shè)計(jì)、設(shè)計(jì)草圖、概念模型制作等，并準(zhǔn)備開題報(bào)告編寫和定稿提交； 選定與設(shè)計(jì)課題有關(guān)的英文翻譯,完成畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)英文翻譯部分。參考文獻(xiàn)（15篇以上，需有部分外文版）三、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）應(yīng)完成的工作完成學(xué)齡前兒童益智類玩具的設(shè)計(jì)研究與實(shí)踐，并輸出相應(yīng)的手繪方案草圖、三維模型、渲染效果圖、規(guī)范的裝配三視圖和平面排版的效果圖展板。謝辭結(jié)論正文引言中文摘要（約300字）、外文摘要（Abstract約250個實(shí)詞）、關(guān)鍵詞35個目錄封面（標(biāo)題、姓名、班級、學(xué)號、指導(dǎo)教師）同時(shí)，要完成提交產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)的數(shù)字模型和實(shí)物展示模型制作，將設(shè)計(jì)過程圖片與圖樣（效果圖、工程圖）綜合表現(xiàn)在展示版面上（90120cm豎式，KT展板，13張），并就設(shè)計(jì)中重點(diǎn)研究的問題撰寫畢業(yè)論文。[11]簡召全：《工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)方法學(xué)》，北京理工大學(xué)出版社，2000年版美術(shù)出版社1987年版[12]孫峰,呂江. 《卡通玩具設(shè)計(jì)》 南京: 江蘇美術(shù)出版社, 2006 .[13]張排,王洪閣. 《玩具與創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)》 .北京:化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社, 2006 .[14]uson，K．C．，＆Hall，J．W．The acquisition of early number word meanings：A conceptual analysi s and review．In H．P．Ginsburg(Ed．)，The development of mathematical thinking．New York：Academic Press，1983．[15]Ginsburg，H．P．＆Opper，S．Piaget’S theory of intellectual development．Englewood Cliffs，New Jersey：Prentice Hall，1988．一、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）的內(nèi)容 根據(jù)學(xué)齡前兒童益智類玩具的設(shè)計(jì)要求與研究，對學(xué)齡前兒童玩具益智原理進(jìn)行分析，并歸納出具有一定指導(dǎo)與研究意義的學(xué)齡前兒童益智類玩具的設(shè)計(jì)原則，并在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)踐及總結(jié)，并形成畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文。[9]王受之著：《世界現(xiàn)代設(shè)計(jì)史》，中國青年出版社，[8]梅格斯[美]：《二十世紀(jì)視覺傳達(dá)設(shè)計(jì)史》，湖北美術(shù)出版社，1989。[6]廖少華，陳彧：《設(shè)計(jì)藝術(shù)概論》，湖南大學(xué)出版社，2005年版[5]尹定邦：《設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)概論》，湖南科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社，1999年版感謝我的母校安徽建筑大學(xué)四年來對我的培養(yǎng)，感謝敬愛的老師們和親愛的同學(xué)們四年來給我的無私的幫助、鼓勵和關(guān)心，在此，請接受我誠摯的謝意。在這四年的時(shí)間里，我在學(xué)習(xí)上和思想上都受益匪淺。隨著畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的完成，意味著我的大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)生涯即將結(jié)束。劉牛老師學(xué)術(shù)水平的專業(yè)，治學(xué)態(tài)度的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)和一絲不茍的科學(xué)研究精神永遠(yuǎn)是我學(xué)習(xí)的榜樣，將積極影響我今后的學(xué)習(xí)和工作。劉牛老師不但每周會抽時(shí)間答疑，還經(jīng)常與我們通過短信與網(wǎng)絡(luò)與我們聯(lián)系，答疑解惑，指導(dǎo)我們畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的順利進(jìn)行。沒當(dāng)我遇到瓶頸的時(shí)候，我都會記下了，每周去劉牛老師那答疑時(shí)向老師請教。本次設(shè)計(jì)，我所做的題目是《學(xué)齡前兒童益智玩具設(shè)計(jì)》首先，我在老師的指導(dǎo)下先上網(wǎng)和在圖書館查閱了與本題目相關(guān)的資料，了解了與本題目相關(guān)的發(fā)展歷史與前景方向。用老師的話說就是把大學(xué)四年所學(xué)的課程加以綜合與運(yùn)用。其次，我要感謝在我畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行過程中幫助過我的同學(xué)們，感謝他們的幫助與指點(diǎn)，加油與鼓勵。 致 謝經(jīng)過三個多月的艱苦奮戰(zhàn)，畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)終于接近了尾聲，回想這三個月的辛勤勞動，遇到無數(shù)困難、挫折和障礙，但都在老師和同學(xué)的幫助下一一解決。設(shè)計(jì)產(chǎn)品要給人帶來安全感，不能對人的身體造成傷害，且不能給人帶來心理上的負(fù)擔(dān)。 圖653局部圖 圖654局部圖 圖655變形圖圖66尺寸圖 圖67效果圖圖68方案展板在設(shè)計(jì)兒童益智玩具時(shí)，要抓住設(shè)計(jì)的本質(zhì)，玩具是為了游戲，為兒童帶來快樂，其次才是其他功能的實(shí)現(xiàn)。方案四電腦三維深化①整個積木玩具由七個部分組成，如圖651 圖651局部圖②按上圖所示進(jìn)行拼合即可得到下圖所示，便于存放。③該款玩具的難易程度適宜，既不至于太簡單進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致兒童很快失去興趣，也沒有太難，導(dǎo)致孩子沒法玩的地步，很好的把握了益智玩具難易的度的問題。通過從不同角度的選擇，最終我選擇了方案四，進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的深化，選擇該方案，主要考慮到以下因素：①該款玩具簡約而不簡單，便于加工，而且更能綜合性的開發(fā)兒童的各方面能力。孩子在玩的同時(shí)，會增加對物體重量感的認(rèn)識，兩邊不同物體的顏色有助于小朋友做出正確的判斷和選擇。小朋友通過敲擊不同的木樁會發(fā)出不同的聲音，通過不同的聲音的引導(dǎo)，帶給小朋友全方位的刺激，可以訓(xùn)練小朋友的反應(yīng)能力，判斷能力。