【正文】 這是經(jīng)常被認為是一個感性的織物由于其光滑和柔軟的感覺，或手?！　?Silk has been the queen of fabrics for centuries. As in the past, it is still used for luxury fabrics and for highfashion items. It is frequently considered to be a sensuous fabric because of its smooth and soft feel, or hand.絲綢是幾個世紀以來織物的女王。有機酸不損壞絲綢和使用一些整理工藝。鹽酸介質(zhì)中的濃度溶解絲，和中等濃度的其他礦物酸引起纖維的收縮和收縮，在絲的分子排列允許酸吸收迅速但往往把酸分子，所以他們很難去除。弱堿如肥皂和氨導致很少或根本沒有損壞絲綢除非他們保持很長一段時間與纖維接觸?！　ilk is damaged by strong alkalies and will dissolve in heated caustic soda ( NaOH )?！　ike other protein fibers, silk has a lower thermal or heat conductivity than cellulosic fibers. This factor, coupled with certain methods of construction, creates fabrics that tend to be warmer than parable fabrics of cellulosic fibers. 像其他的蛋白質(zhì)纖維，蠶絲具有較低的熱或熱傳導率比纖維素纖維。它的葉子脆，脆灰和發(fā)出像燃燒的頭發(fā)或羽毛的命令?！　ilk will ignite and continue to burn when there is another source of flame. After removal from the source, it will sputter and eventually extinguish itself. It leaves a crisp, brittle ash and gives off an order like that of burning hair or feathers. It burns similarly to wool.絲綢會點燃并繼續(xù)燃燒時火焰的另一個來源。這種相對高的吸收是在應用染料和完成對絲綢有幫助；然而，不像許多纖維，蠶絲也吸收如金屬鹽雜質(zhì)。 however, unlike many fibers, silk also absorbs impurities such as metal salts. These contaminants tend to damage silk by weakening the fiber or causing actual ruptures to occur when the fabric is not handled properly.蠶絲具有相對高的標準回潮率百分之11。在任何情況下，在輕而堅固的細絲，形成紗線和織物密度的結(jié)果。由于絲綢的性質(zhì)，它是可能的，密度不同的纖維以及飛蛾，形成的各種纖維之間。折痕將比較好，但不太快或完全作為羊毛。在百分之2伸長率下的纖維具有百分之92的彈性恢復。濕強度是約80至百分之85的干強度?！　ilk is one of the strongest natural fibers used in creating textile products. It has a tenacity of to grams per denier when dry. Wet strength is about 80 to 85 percent of the dry strength. Silk has good elasticity and moderate elongation, when it is dry, the elongation varies from 10 to25 percent。它通常被稱為“纖維皇后”也許是最重要的貢獻之一的絲綢紡織品的歷史是負責為人造纖維的生產(chǎn)調(diào)查。約公元300年日本學習養(yǎng)蠶繅絲的絲繭的秘密。此屬性是明顯的紗線和織物和負責氈縮和松弛收縮。這是因為，在某種程度上，纖維的鱗片結(jié)構(gòu)?！　ool fibers are not dimensionally stable. The structure of the fiber contributes to a shrinking and felting reaction during processing, use and care. This is due, in part, to the scale structure of the fiber. When subjected to heat, moisture, and agitation, the scales tend to pull together and move toward the fiber tip. This property is noticeable in yarns and fabrics and is responsible for both felting and relaxation shrinkage.羊毛纖維沒有尺寸穩(wěn)定。原因是多種因素的結(jié)合：界面表面張力，孔隙分布均勻，與低密度?！　? Despite the absorption properties of wool, it has an unusual property of exhibiting hydrophobic characteristics. That is, it tends to shed liquid easily and appears not to absorb moisture. The cause is a bination of factors: interfacial surface tension, uniform distribution of pores, and low bulk density. These moisture properties help make wool very desirable for use in a variety of situations where moisture can be a problem to fort.盡管羊毛的吸收性能，它已表現(xiàn)出疏水特性的一種獨特的性能。吸濕和解吸羊毛和類似頭發(fā)纖維特有的性質(zhì)稱為吸濕行為。作為吸濕功能部分，羊毛產(chǎn)生或釋放熱量。飽和條件下，毛將吸收更多的水分比在其重量的百分之29。羊毛是非常靈活的，柔軟的，所以它結(jié)合的操控性和舒適性具有良好的保形性緩解。這種折痕或按保留分子調(diào)整的結(jié)果和聚合物中的新的交叉鏈接的形成。它可以恢復原形的粉碎后或壓痕。即使在百分之10的延伸，它具有超過百分之50的回收，這比其他任何除了尼龍纖維?？祻蛢?yōu)于。在標準條件下，將20和百分之40之間延伸的纖維。如彈性纖維，拉伸性能，和彈性恢復補償?shù)蛷姸?。與其他許多纖維相比，羊毛是弱的，和這一弱點限制了紗線和織物結(jié)構(gòu)，可滿意的種類?！　? The tenacity of wool is to grams per denier when dry。沖刷后，大多數(shù)毛，是淡黃色的白色或象牙色。與光澤程度高纖維的外觀光滑?！　? There is some luster to wool fibers. Fine and medium wool tends to have more luster than very coarse fibers. Fibers with a high degree of luster are silky in appearance.有光澤的毛纖維。卷曲增加纖維的彈性和延伸性，也有助于紗線制造。 in other words, it not only moves above and below a central axis but also moves to the right and left of the axis.羊毛纖維橫截面可為近圓形，但大多數(shù)羊毛纖維往往形狀略呈橢圓形或橢圓形。一些羊毛纖維非常僵硬和粗糙的；這些都是所謂的肯普和平均直徑約70微米的。 these are called kemp and average about 70 microns in diameter.羊毛的寬度也有很大的差別?！　? The width of wool also varies considerably. Fine fibers such as Merino have an average width of about 15 to 17 microns。 and long (coarse) wools from to 38 cm.?！　? Wool fibers vary in length from to about 38 cm. Most authorities have determined that fine wools are usually from to cm。延髓的尺寸變化和細纖維可能是看不見的。約百分之90的纖維質(zhì)皮層帳戶。纖維的主要部分是皮質(zhì)（由皮層細胞）；這延伸向角質(zhì)層的中心。外層，稱為角質(zhì)層，由刻度。 they are similar to fish scales. The major portion of the fiber is the cortex (posed of cortical cells )。細羊毛沒有粗羊毛為清晰明確的尺度，但他們可以在高放大倍數(shù)的確定。規(guī)模的大小從比較廣闊的和大的很小變化。羊毛會溶解在燒堿的解決方案，將對棉花的影響不大?！　? Wool is attacked by hot sulfuric acid and deposes pletely. most other mineral acids of all strengths. Wool will dissolve in caustic soda solutions that would have little effect on cotton.羊毛是由熱硫酸襲擊并完全分解。用于測定棉纖維細度和品位的因素包括直徑和長度，年齡的動物，自然的色彩，羊的品種，和的情況下，動物的生活。拔毛通常與羊毛或羊毛混合前夾加工成紗線和織物。拔毛是由兩種方法中的一種從隱藏刪除。以這種方式得到的纖維比剪切從動物稍長，似乎有對纖維的物理傷害少。動物喂食化學相似，用于癌癥的治療，導致頭發(fā)脫落兩周內(nèi)。一個好的工人可以完全剪力在不到一分鐘，一只羊，有時短為20秒?！　? Wool can be sheared from the living animal or pulled from the hide after the animal has been slaughtered for its meat. Sheared wool is called fleece or clip wool and is quality to pulled wool, which is taken from the hides of slaughtered sheep Wool considered superior剪羊毛可以從活的動物或從隱藏拉后，動物被屠宰后的肉。　　 To provide the freestquality wool, production is scientifically controlled. Sheep are inoculated against disease, dipped in chemicals to protect them against insects, and unless on rangeland, fed diet designed to produce healthy animals.提供最優(yōu)質(zhì)的羊毛，生產(chǎn)的科學控制。南美洲羊毛通常是低質(zhì)量比從澳大利亞或南非羊毛。菲利普港羊毛是澳大利亞最好的，被用于生產(chǎn)粗紡和精紡毛織物質(zhì)量最高的。澳大利亞細毛羊，南美國和南非產(chǎn)生非常自由和柔軟的羊毛。純羊毛通常與其它纖維的混合和再生毛滿足需求。沖刷后，這是減少到大約300千萬磅的純羊毛?！　? There are indications that, as early as the seventh century BC, people began to sell and buy woolen goods. The supply of wool available to the world every year amounts to about 5000 million pounds. After scouring, this is reduced to about 3000 million pounds of pure wool. The wool crop is insufficient to meet the world needs. Pure wool is often mixed with other type fibers and recovered wool to meet the demand.有跡象表明，早在公元前第七世紀，人們開始買賣毛織品?！　? Wool is a natural fiber of animal origin. Though vegetable fibers were probably the first to be used for s