【正文】 ）“越來越…”結(jié)構(gòu)：“比較級 + and + 比較級”He cried harder and harder. 他哭得越來越厲害了。)Which is the best, tea, milk or water? (三者或更多中選擇，用最高級。前句因the在形容詞最高級前，不可省略；而后句因the在副詞前， 可以省略。)（注意：此句型中比較級前加the。)：“通過”I study English by memorizing grammar. You can know it by looking it up in a dictionary. He travels by bike.“截止到”Will you finish the task by tomorrow?The train had left by the time he got there.“被”This novel was written by Lu Xun. “經(jīng)過”He passed by me without noticing me.“在……旁邊”Sit by me. They are playing by the river.： in a good way（用一個(gè)好方法）, in the open air（在露天場所）in a hurry（匆忙）, in pen / ink（用鋼筆 / 墨水） (見105), in style（時(shí)新的）in the day（在白天）(見92), in different sizes(以不同的大小), in red（穿著紅衣服）in different shapes（以不同的形狀） in a difficult situation（在困難情況下）in good health（身體健康） in a red coat（穿著紅外套）(見46), in English（用英語）in the way(擋道) in a low voice(用低的聲音) in order to(為了，后接動(dòng)詞原形)：不規(guī)則形式或易錯(cuò)形式：much / many→more→most bad / badly / ill→worse→worstfar→farther / further→farthest / furthest little→less→leastfew→fewer→fewest old→older / elder→oldest / eldest常見比較級/最高級句型：He runs faster than me. (有than, 用比較級)He did better than any other student in the school. (用比較級。（lonely 和心理感受有關(guān)，而alone和心理感受無關(guān)。可在系動(dòng)詞后作表語：The old man is 。（注意：不可說very alone. 但可說very much alone.）lonely, “孤獨(dú)的；寂寞的”帶有傷感色彩。 可當(dāng)副詞，修飾動(dòng)詞：She lives alone. 她獨(dú)居?？僧?dāng)形容詞，但只在系動(dòng)詞后作表語：Jack is alone. 杰克是單身。 （以上每個(gè)短語可依第二個(gè)詞來決定其后要接什么詞。 too many“太多的”，加可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)。 too much“太多的”，加不可數(shù)名詞。) He went out went out of the house early. much, too many與much too: much too“過于”，加形容詞或副詞原級。instead of 后要接名詞或代詞。What lazy boys (they are)! What hard work (it is)! What good news (it is)! What a good idea! What bad weather (it is)! What clever girls (you are)! How +形容詞 / 副詞 + 主語 + 謂語！ How hard the work is! How fast he runs! How rude you are! How carefully they are listening! How bad the weather is!： because 后接句子，because of 接名詞或代詞。 若分?jǐn)?shù)所在of短語作主語，謂語依of后的名詞而定： A third of the boys have passed the test. A third of the work has been over. Two fifths of the students are on time. Two fifths of the land is polluted. (of后是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)；of后是不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)。How long is the river? It’s 5,000 kilometers long. (對長度提問) How long have you lived there? For five months. / Since 2002. (對時(shí)間段提問) how often是對頻率提問，如：never, sometimes, often, usually, always, once a week, twice a day, three times a year, every day / year / month / week等。 He is taller than any other boy in his class. (劃線中boy常用單數(shù)) = He is taller than all ( of ) the other boys in his class. (劃線中boy用復(fù)數(shù)) 他比班里任何男孩都高（他是班里男孩中最高的）?！坑秩纾篢his pair of shoes is strange. One is blue, yet the other is green. “這雙鞋子很怪，一只藍(lán)色，而另一只綠色。） another也可+數(shù)字+可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)：The meeting will last another two hours. （再持續(xù)兩小時(shí)）We need another six desks. (此處兩句分別相當(dāng)于：two more hours。If you are still thirsty, you may have another cup of tea. （沒特定指出哪一杯茶，是泛指。)：在非真實(shí)條件句中要用虛擬語氣，即if 從句中用一般過去時(shí)，而主句動(dòng)詞用would / should + 動(dòng)詞原形，表示與現(xiàn)在相反的主觀設(shè)想，也可以表示在說話人看來實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性很小的情況。也可以直接加表示顏色的詞。The lady is dressed in a white skirt. The students are all dressed in yellow. get dressed “穿好衣服”，常不接賓語: He went out as soon as he got dressed.dress up (as) ...“裝扮（成）......” He dressed up as a clown. 他裝扮成小丑。You can dress yourself, baby.Lucy is dressing her little brother now.be dressed in后常接具有某種特征的衣物。You should put on your coat when you leave.wear,“穿，穿著”后接物，表狀態(tài)，是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。 billions of stars但前若有several, 后常不加s和of：several million pounds (此處用QT表示反意疑問句后一部分內(nèi)容) 的部分用法:something, nothing, anything, everything作主語，QT主語用it. Something is wrong, isn’t it? / Nothing is difficult, is it? 當(dāng)主句中think的主語是第一人稱時(shí)，QT要結(jié)合think后的從句而定：I think Lucy can do well in the exam, can’t she? I don’t think he will e here on time, will he? 祈使句的QT一般用will you?（包括let us …..）, 而Let’s …用shall we? Get up now, will you? Don’t be noisy, will you? Be quiet, will you? Please don’t talk, will you? Let us do it now, will you? Don’t talk in class, will you?Let’s do it now, shall we? Let’s sing a song, shall we?There be句型，QT主語用there.—12—There is a man working in the field, isn’t there?There used to be a meeting on Friday, didn’t there?There won’t be a movie in the theatre, will there? on, wear, dress, in: put on,“穿上”后接物。 many millions of people。A: May I go out for a walk now? B: Yes, you can. / No, you mustn’t / can’t. / thousand / million / billion: 前有具體數(shù)字，這些詞不加s及of. 如：nine hundred people, ten thousand students等。 The street is two kilometers long.That boy can jump four meters away.（此處不用far, 見49） The fish is five kilos heavy.The street is forty meters wide. This baby is only six months old. 若計(jì)量表達(dá)的后面跟有名詞，則要用連字符，單位不用復(fù)數(shù)。 【 all / each / none分別指三者或更多中的“都” / “每一個(gè)”/“沒有一個(gè)”。另見88. When shall we meet, Saturday or Sunday? Either day is OK. / Either of the days is OK. 謂語用單數(shù)。 Both of the twins are clever. 后面謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。）All of the water is polluted. （若接不可數(shù)，謂語用單數(shù)。前者作主語，謂語用單數(shù)；后者作主語，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。 across,表面】 位移動(dòng)詞 + past 有時(shí)相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞pass。 He climbed through the window and saw what he could take away. （從窗戶內(nèi)部經(jīng)過） He went past me without saying any words. （從我旁邊經(jīng)過） He swam across the river. （從河的表面經(jīng)過）【through,內(nèi)部。）也都可接形容詞：keep safe / busy, keep the door closed / open, make us happy, get the door closed, have everything ready. get her ears pierced.：used to + 動(dòng)原，“過去常?！? He used to smoke. be used to 譯為“被用于…”，后接動(dòng)原。（讓某物一直在進(jìn)行著某事。（him 和 do 邏輯上形成主謂關(guān)系，do用原形。She didn’t get well, nor did her brother.—9— Tim isn’t going to do his work, neither is John. 又如：A: Jim hasn’t had breakfast. B: Neither have I. （注意以上黑體字的照應(yīng)）, make, get, have用法：keep + sb / sth doing sth “讓…一直做…” I’m sorry for keeping you waiting so long. (區(qū)別：keep + doing sth “堅(jiān)持做某事，一直做某事”) make + sb / sth do sth讓…做某事(接動(dòng)原） I’ll try to make you understand what I mean. I feel sorry that I have made him wait for long. make若用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)，原有后接動(dòng)詞原形要改為帶to不定式(另見語法6的類似說法)：I made him wait for long. →He was made to wa