【正文】 ，(以上見84）until / till等所在肯定句中的主句謂語要用延續(xù)性動詞(以下劃線部分)： We have been in Zhengzhou for ten years. How long may I keep this novel? I’ve lived here since 2002. Let’s wait until he es back.. 但否定句中可用短暫性動詞，如下面的see與leave： I haven’t seen you for a long time. They won’t leave until it stops raining. 另外，請觀察以下短暫性動詞轉換成延續(xù)性動詞的常見表達： lose →be lost. start / begin to do→do go off→be offstart, begin→be on turn on→be on move to→live inend→be over get, buy→have, own borrow→keepdie→be dead go out→be out fall asleep→be asleepget / bee + adj →be + adj. open(動詞，“打開”) →be open(形容詞，表狀態(tài))arrive in, get to, reach→be in, stay in leave, go away (from)→be away (from)如以下例子的劃線部分(并注意黑體部分的變化)：The dog died five hours ago. →The dog has been dead for five hours.I lost my dictionary two weeks ago. →My dictionary has been lost since two weeks ago.He began to teach English last year. →.He has taught English for one year.Lucy arrived in Beijing the day before yesterday. →Lucy has been in Beijing for two days.I bought this bike six months ago. →I have owned this book since six months ago.My friend borrowed the book last month. →My friend has kept the book for a month.He left Beijing in 1990. →He has been away from Beijing since 1990.(注意以上的“for + 時間段”與“since + 時間段 + ago”或“since + 時間點”可互換) / each / both / none / either / neither不定代詞或形容詞的用法： All boys / All of the boys are from China. （all 若接可數復數， 謂語也用復數。） Each boy / Each of the boys has a different bag. each接名詞單數或接of + 限定詞+復數，其后謂語都用單數。 None of the students has / have been there before. none +of +限定詞+復數, 謂語用單、復數都可。 When shall we meet, Saturday or Sunday?—11— Sorry, I have to look after my mother these two days. That is, neither time is OK. / neither of the days is OK. 謂語用單數。 both / either / neither分別指兩者中“都”/“任何一個”/“沒有一個” 】：數量+單位+形容詞。 They dug an eightmeterdeep hole. /. I bought a 10kiloheavy fish. It’s a piece of 2meterthick ice. / They built a 50meterwide street.It’s a twomonth holiday. She is a threechild mother. (最后兩句計量中省略了形容詞)43. Must I / May I / Need I …? 用法：Must I …? “我必須…嗎？” A: Must I finish the work? B: Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t. Need I…? “我有必要…嗎？”或“我需要…嗎？” A: Need I clean the house? B: Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t. May I …? “我可以…嗎？”表示請求。 這些詞前若無具體數字，后加s和of. 如：thousands of trees。 hundreds of cars。表行為，是短暫動詞。He always wears the yellow sweater in winter. I like wearing beautiful clothes.dress, “給…穿衣”后接人。也可直接加表示顏色的詞。in, “穿著”后接具有某種特征的衣物，表狀態(tài)，是介詞，不可作謂語，可作狀語。 The woman in a white skirt is my teacher. Do you know the girl in a red coat? （你認識那個穿著紅外套的姑娘嗎？）I want to talk to the boy in black. (我想找那個穿著黑衣服的男孩談談。（注意：虛擬語氣中的be動詞都要用were.） If there were no air, people would die. (與現在事實相反) If I got rich, I would travel around the world. (可能性很小) / others / the other / the others / another: 如果不特定指出哪一個，是泛指，“另一個”要用another, 后加可數名詞單數。cup是單數。 six more desks.)如果只有兩個或只有兩部分，就給出了范圍，其中另一個或另一部分是特指 (other前有the.)， 有如下用法：第一種，所說內容只有兩個：—13—Mrs. Green has two sons, one is interested in math, the other (one / son) is good at science. 【只有兩個，用the other, 不加s, 后面名詞可省略。” 第二種，只有兩部分：此種情況下the other后接可數名詞復數，或不接名詞而只在the other后加s. Two children went there, but the other children / the others stayed.Two fifths of the students in our class are boys, the other students / the others are girls. 如果沒有顯示出只有兩部分，未給出范圍，則是泛指，不加the. Lei Feng liked helping other people / others. Do you have any other questions? Alice didn’t like that dress, so she asked to see some others. other的另一用法：用比較級的形式，體現最高級的含義。 long / how often / how soon / how far: how long 是對長度或時間段提問。 How often do you watch TV? Every two days. / Twice a week. / Sometimes. 【若只有次數，則用how many times 提問： How many times do you watch TV a week? Twice. / only once.】 how soon 是對“in + 時間段”提問： How soon will you return to Beijing? In a week./ In two days. how far是對以下三種表達法的提問： —How far is it from your home to the school? 有以下三種回答：▲—It’s five minutes’ walk / an hour’s ride / thirteen minutes’ drive. ▲—It’s about 20 kilometers (far) away. (注意回答時不再用far,而用away, 或far away)▲—It’s 15 minutes by bus / on foot / by train / by bike. ：二分之一: half a / an 或a half. 如：half an hour = a half hour半小時 It’s half past seven.(省略冠詞)以下情況中，分子(基數詞)若超過一，分母(序數詞)需加s： 三分之一: a / one third 三分之二: two thirds 四分之一: a / one fourth 或a / one quarter—14— 四分之三: three fourths或three quarters. 五分之一: a / one fifth 五分之二: two fifths 其它類推。) ：get to + 地點 get to Shanghai / London / China 接地點副詞時，不帶to. get there / home / here. arrive in+大地點(如Beijing / Zhengzhou)，arrive at+小地點(如school / hospital)arrive只作不及物動詞，所以也可單獨用：Please ring me up when you arrive.reach只作及物動詞，后直接加地點：reach Beijing / England 但常不說reach home / there / here. ：What + 名詞短語+主語+謂語！此情況下主、謂?？墒÷浴?He didn’t e because he was ill. / because of his illness. instead是副詞，單獨在句尾。 We didn’t have rice, we had noodles instead. / instead of it. out 副詞，可單獨用，但若接地點，先加of.（也可作介詞， “向…外”，可不加of. 一般不要求掌握。much too big / slowly等。too much work / rain等。too many books / people等。）55. alone / lonely: alone,“獨自一人；單獨”不含感情色彩?！?5—The old woman is alone in the house. 那位老婦一個人在屋里。 Can you move the stone alone? 你能獨自搬動那塊兒石頭嗎？Dick is walking on the beach alone. 狄克獨自在海灘漫步。只當形容詞。He has many relatives, but he feels lonely. 他有很多親戚，但感到孤獨。）也可在名詞前作定語：a lonely person一位孤獨的人a lonely village一個偏僻的村莊 （而alone不可作定語） to與be: This suit belongs to me / Lucy / my brother. (直接加人) This suit is mine / Lucy’s / my son’s / hers. (某物是某人的，所以用名詞性物主代詞。另見48的other用法，)—16—Tom is the cleverest boy in his class. (某個范圍內，用最高級)He is the taller of the two (boys). (兩者，用比較級。.)He is the tallest of the three (boys) / of all. He jumped (the) farthest of the four.(以上兩句都指三者或更多，用最高級。)Which is better, tea or milk? (兩者選擇，用比較級。)It’s the second longest river in China. （序數詞后的形容詞或副詞用最高級形式。 She is gettin