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Res., 1994, 11(10): 。納米技術(shù)的應(yīng)用為新藥的開發(fā) 286 研究提供了廣闊的空間。 從以上眾多的研究實(shí)例可以看出,納米技術(shù)的應(yīng)用能夠增強(qiáng)藥效,降低毒性作用,改善藥物吸收,改變藥物體內(nèi)過程,為藥物的體內(nèi)藥效學(xué)和代謝動力學(xué)賦予新的特色。kg1 增 至 L由此可見, IMCNS 延長了藥物體內(nèi)循環(huán)時(shí)間,具有明顯的緩釋效應(yīng) [72]。) L)L) h 和( 177。)L 和 ( 177。) h 和( 177。 以甲氧聚乙二醇和 PCL 共聚物為載體制備了包載吲哚美辛( indomethacin, IMC)的納米球( IMCNS),粒徑小于 200mm,載藥量 42%。 硝苯地平( nifedipine)由于起效快、半衰期短而使其臨床應(yīng)用受到一定的限制。柔紅霉素長循環(huán)脂質(zhì)體,平均粒徑 。h 1,說明 DHAQPLA 納米粒改變了藥物的體內(nèi)分布與消除過程,具有明顯的延效和緩釋作用 [68]。結(jié)果顯示:兩制劑的藥時(shí)曲線符合三房室藥動學(xué)模型, DHAQ 納米粒的藥動學(xué)參數(shù) t1/2α(分布半衰期)、 t1/2β 和 CL 分別為 、 和 Lh1,表明該載藥納米粒具有明顯的肝靶向和緩釋作用 [67]。采用吸附 包裹法制備的 PVP 包被的 HCPTPBCA 納米粒,平均粒徑 。 羥基喜樹堿( hydroxycamptothecin, HCPT)是將喜樹堿基本環(huán) A 環(huán)中 9 位的 H 由 OH 取代合成 285 的抗腫瘤藥,對腹水型肝癌,頭頸部腫瘤、胃癌和膀胱癌有明顯療效,且毒性明顯低于喜樹堿。載體材料的種類或配比不同,釋藥速度不同,因此調(diào)整材料種類和配 比,從而調(diào)整納米藥物的理化性質(zhì),可以控制釋藥速度,達(dá)到緩釋控釋效果,從而達(dá)到改變藥物藥動學(xué)特征的目的。 納米技術(shù)改變藥物的藥動學(xué)特征 研究發(fā)現(xiàn),納米藥物與一般藥物相比,其藥動學(xué)參數(shù)發(fā)生了較大改變。 經(jīng)過大量的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,目前認(rèn)為納米粒易透過 BBB 轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)的機(jī)制可能與腦毛細(xì)血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞的胞飲作用有關(guān):納米顆粒經(jīng)吐溫 80 包衣后, apo E 能夠吸附于粒子表面,使其類似低密度脂蛋白( LDL),與 BBB 的 LDL 受體相互作用后被內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞攝取,隨后藥物自細(xì)胞釋放并擴(kuò)散至 CNS,也可能整個(gè)粒子通過胞吞轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)作用進(jìn)入腦組織。RH40 包衣的納米粒表面未有 apo E 吸附,這與前面提到的,吐溫 60 和 80 能夠誘導(dǎo) dalargin 納米粒的鎮(zhèn)痛作用,而其它表面活性劑則不能的結(jié)果相對應(yīng)。ck 等將載脂蛋白 E( apolipoprotein E, apo E)與經(jīng)表面活性劑修飾的納米粒在 37℃人血漿中孵育 5min,發(fā)現(xiàn) apo E 吸附于吐溫 6080 包衣的納米粒表面