微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)英文課件ch(1)(參考版)
2025-05-19 04:26本頁(yè)面
【正文】 。 ? Tax revenue first rises with the size of a tax. – 隨著稅率的增加稅收總額開(kāi)始時(shí)增加。 ? This change in behavior shrinks the size of the market below the level that maximizes total surplus. – 這種行為的變化會(huì)使得市場(chǎng)規(guī)模萎縮到總剩余最大化的規(guī)模之下。 ? The fall in total surplus – the sum of consumer surplus, producer surplus, and tax revenue – is called the deadweight loss of the tax. – 這種總剩余的減少就是稅收帶來(lái)的無(wú)謂損失。 Summary ? A tax on a good reduces the welfare of buyers and sellers of the good. And the reduction in consumer and producer surplus usually exceeds the revenues raised by the government. – 對(duì)一個(gè)商品征稅會(huì)減少買者和賣者的經(jīng)濟(jì)福利。 but then, as the tax gets larger, the market shrinks so much that tax revenue starts to fall. – 對(duì)應(yīng)地，開(kāi)始時(shí)稅收總額隨稅率上升而增加，但當(dāng)稅率越來(lái)越高時(shí)，市場(chǎng)萎縮太大以至稅收總額開(kāi)始下降。 Deadweight Loss and Tax Revenue Vary with the Size of the Tax... (a) Deadweight Loss Deadweight Loss 0 Tax Size (b) Revenue (the Laffer curve) Tax Revenue 0 Tax Size The Laffer Curve 拉弗曲線 ? As the size of a tax increases, its deadweight loss quickly gets larger. – 隨著稅率的增加，它帶來(lái)的無(wú)謂損失迅速變得更大。 ? But as the size of the tax continue to rise, tax revenue falls because the higher tax reduces the size of the market. – 但是當(dāng)稅率持續(xù)增加時(shí)，稅收總額下降。 Deadweight Loss and Tax Revenue. PB Quantity Q2 0 Price Q1 Demand Supply Tax revenue PS Deadweight loss (a) Small Tax Demand Supply Tax revenue PB Quantity Q2 0 Price Q1 PS Deadweight loss (b) Medium Tax Deadweight Loss and Tax Revenue. Deadweight Loss and Tax Revenue. PB Quantity Q2 0 Price Q1
教學(xué)課件相關(guān)推薦
鄂ICP備17016276號(hào)-1