微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)英文課件ch(1)(更新版)
【正文】 of hours they work. ?有的工人可以調(diào)整自己工作的時(shí)間。 Deadweight Loss and Tax Revenue Vary with the Size of the Tax... (a) Deadweight Loss Deadweight Loss 0 Tax Size (b) Revenue (the Laffer curve) Tax Revenue 0 Tax Size The Laffer Curve 拉弗曲線 ? As the size of a tax increases, its deadweight loss quickly gets larger. – 隨著稅率的增加，它帶來(lái)的無(wú)謂損失迅速變得更大。 ? This change in behavior shrinks the size of the market below the level that maximizes total surplus. – 這種行為的變化會(huì)使得市場(chǎng)規(guī)模萎縮到總剩余最大化的規(guī)模之下。 ? Tax revenue first rises with the size of a tax. – 隨著稅率的增加稅收總額開(kāi)始時(shí)增加。 but then, as the tax gets larger, the market shrinks so much that tax revenue starts to fall. – 對(duì)應(yīng)地，開(kāi)始時(shí)稅收總額隨稅率上升而增加，但當(dāng)稅率越來(lái)越高時(shí)，市場(chǎng)萎縮太大以至稅收總額開(kāi)始下降。 – Workers in the underground economy. ?地下經(jīng)濟(jì)體中的工人。 ? Because of this tax wedge, the quantity sold falls below the level that would be sold without a tax. – 因?yàn)檫@個(gè)稅收楔子，銷售量下降到?jīng)]有稅收是的銷售水平之下。 The Deadweight Loss... Quantity 0 Price Demand Supply Q1 PB Price = P1 without tax PS Q2 Size of tax Lost gains from trade Cost to sellers Value to buyers Reduction in quantity due to the tax Determinants of Deadweight Loss ? What determines whether the deadweight loss from a tax is small or large? – 什么決定了稅收導(dǎo)致的無(wú)謂損失的大??？ ? The magnitude of the deadweight loss depends on how much the quantity supplied and quantity demanded respond to changes in the price. – 無(wú)謂損失的大小依賴于價(jià)格變化所引起的供給量和需求量的變化。 ? As the size of the tax rises, tax revenue grows. – 隨著稅率的增加，稅收總額增加。消費(fèi)者剩余和生產(chǎn)者剩余的減少通常會(huì)大于政府的稅收
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