微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)英文課件ch(1)-文庫(kù)吧資料
2025-05-23 04:26本頁(yè)面
【正文】 Demand Supply PS Deadweight loss (c) Large Tax Deadweight Loss and Tax Revenue ? For the small tax, tax revenue is small. – 稅率低時(shí)，稅收總額也比較小。 – Workers in the underground economy. ?地下經(jīng)濟(jì)體中的工人。 ? Some examples of workers who may respond more to incentives. （工人對(duì)激勵(lì)反應(yīng)強(qiáng)烈的例子） – Workers who can adjust the number of hours they work. ?有的工人可以調(diào)整自己工作的時(shí)間。 ? That, in turn, depends on the price elasticities of supply and demand. – 或者說依賴于供需的價(jià)格彈性。 Tax Revenue T = the size of the tax Q = the quantity of the good sold T?Q = the government’s tax revenue Tax Revenue... Price 0 Quantity Quantity without tax Supply Demand Price sellers receive Quantity with tax Size of tax (T) Quantity sold (Q) Tax Revenue (T x Q) Price buyers pay How a Tax Affects Welfare... Quantity 0 Price Demand Supply Q1 A B C F D E Q2 Tax reduces consumer surplus by (B+C) and producer surplus by (D+E) Tax revenue = (B+D) Deadweight Loss = (C+E) Price buyers pay = PB P1 Price without tax = PS Price sellers receive = Changes in Welfare from a Tax Without Tax With Tax Change Consumer Surplus A + B + C A (B + C) Producer Surplus D + E + F F (D + E) Tax Revenue none B + D + (B + D) Total Surplus A + B + C + D + E + F A + B + D + F (C + E ) The area C+E shows the fall in total surplus is the deadweight loss of the tax. How a Tax affects welfare 稅收如何影響福利 ? The change in total welfare includes: – 總得福利變化包括： ? The change in consumer surplus. – 消費(fèi)者剩余的變化
教學(xué)課件相關(guān)推薦
鄂ICP備17016276號(hào)-1