【正文】 ? When two firms can pool markets and expertise (. recent bank mergers) ? Lower costs and generate profits ? Enabled by information systems that ties together disparate units so they act as whole Synergies, Core Competencies, and NetworkBased Strategies Using Information Systems to Achieve Competitive Advantage Essentials of Business Information Systems Chapter 3 Achieving Competitive Advantage with Information Systems 169。 2022 by Prentice Hall ? A firm’s value chain is linked to the value chains of its suppliers, distributors, and customers ? A value web is a collection of independent firms that use information technology to coordinate their value chains to produce a product collectively ? Value webs are flexible and adapt to changes in supply and demand Extending the Value Chain: The Value Web Using Information Systems to Achieve Competitive Advantage Essentials of Business Information Systems Chapter 3 Achieving Competitive Advantage with Information Systems 169。 2022 by Prentice Hall ? Highlights specific activities in a business where petitive strategies can best be applied and where information systems are likely to have a strategic impact ? Primary activities ? Support activities ? Benchmarking ? Best practices The Business Value Chain Model Using Information Systems to Achieve Competitive Advantage Essentials of Business Information Systems Chapter 3 Achieving Competitive Advantage with Information Systems 169。 2022 by Prentice Hall ? Enables new products and services ? Transforms industries ? Increases bargaining power of customers and suppliers ? Intensifies petitive rivalry ? Creates new opportunities for building brands and large customer bases The Inter’s Impact on Competitive Advantage Using Information Systems to Achieve Competitive Advantage Essentials of Business Information Systems Chapter 3 Achieving Competitive Advantage with Information Systems 169。 2022 by Prentice Hall Information System Strategies for Dealing with Competitive Forces ? Some panies pursue several strategies at same time – Dell emphasizes low cost plus customization of products – Parker Hannifin offers products with unique features but petes on price ? Successfully using IS to achieve petitive advantage requires precise coordination of technology, anizations, and people Using Information Systems to Achieve Competitive Advantage Essentials of Business Information Systems Chapter 3 Achieving Competitive Advantage with Information Systems 169。 2022 by Prentice Hall Interactive Session: Organizations Can Detroit Make the Cars Customers Want? Using Information Systems to Achieve Competitive Advantage ? What pieces of data does AutoNation need to determine which cars to stock in each of its dealerships? How can it obtain these data? ? What is AutoNation’s solution to its problem? What obstacles must AutoNation overe to implement its solution? How effective will the solution be? Essentials of Business Information Systems Chapter 3 Achieving Competitive Advantage with Information Systems 169。 169。 而在網(wǎng)絡(luò)時代，由于關(guān)注的成本大大降低，人們有可能以很低的成本關(guān)注正態(tài)分布曲線的“尾部”，關(guān)注“尾部”產(chǎn)生的總體效益甚至?xí)^“頭部”。 2022 by Prentice Hall 長尾理論是網(wǎng)絡(luò)時代興起的一種新理論，尾理論認(rèn)為，由于成本和效率的因素，過去人們只能關(guān)注重要的人或重要的事，如果用正態(tài)分布曲線來描繪這些人或事，人們只能關(guān)注曲線的“頭部”，而將處于曲線“尾部”、需要更多的精力和成本才能關(guān)注到的大多數(shù)人或事忽略。 2022 by Prentice Hall 客戶分類 ? 80/20 Pareto Principle ? 重要客戶（ VIP clients） 前 1% ? 主要客戶（ major clients） 前 5% ? 普通客戶（ mon customers） 前 20% ? 小客戶（ minor customers） 169。 2022 by Prentice Hall Using Information Systems to Achieve Competitive Advantage Essentials of Business Information Systems Chapter 3 Achieving Competitive Advantage with Information Systems On the Dell Inc. Web site, customers can select the options they want and order their puter custom built to these specifications. Dell’s assembletoorder system is a major source of petitive advantage. 169。 2022 by Prentice Hall Using Information Systems to Achieve Competitive Advantage Essentials of Business Information Systems Chapter 3 Achieving Competitive Advantage with Information Systems WalMart’s continuous inventory replenishment system uses sales data captured at the checkout counter to transmit orders to restock merchandise directly to its suppliers. The system enables WalMart to keep costs low while finetuning its merchandise to meet customer demands. 169。 2022 by Prentice Hall Information System Strategies for Dealing with Competitive Forces ? Basic strategy: Align IT with business objectives – 75% of businesses fail to align their IT with their business objectives, leading to lower profitability – To align IT: ? Identify business goals and strategies ? Break strategic goals into concrete activities and processes ? Identify metrics for measuring progress ? Determine how IT can help achieve business goals ? Measure actual performa