【正文】 umber, a statement, or a picture – The raw materials in the production of information ? Information – Data that have meaning within a context – Data that have been manipulated ? High quality Information – Relevant: information must pertain to the problem at hand. – Complete: partial information often worse than no information. – Accurate: erroneous information may lead to disastrous decisions – Current: decisions are based on the latest information available – Economical: the cost of obtaining information is reasonable. 169。 2022 by Prentice Hall Interactive Session: Business Objectives In your experience, what firms have achieved: Operational excellence New products, services, and business models Customer and supplier intimacy Improved decision making Competitive advantage Survival Did information systems and technologies play a role in these achievements? Essentials of Business Information Systems Chapter 1 Business Information Systems in Your Career The Role of Information Systems in Business Today 169。 2022 by Prentice Hall 面臨的問題與機遇 – 1985 成立 , 1993成為世界五大計算機制造商之一 解決方案 – 在線直銷，第一家通過郵件生成訂單的公司 – B2C, B2B 效果 1999Fortune 500 利潤每年超過 30億美元 戴爾公司 – 利用電子商務獲得成功 169。 2022 by Prentice Hall Essentials of Business Information Systems Chapter 1 Business Information Systems in Your Career ? Achieving the previously mentioned business objectives often leads to petitive advantage ? Advantages over petitors include charging less for superior products, better performance, and better response to suppliers and customers ? Dell Computer is one of the best examples of establishing petitive advantage as the pany has continued to be profitable during a time when PC prices have been falling steadily Competitive advantage: The Role of Information Systems in Business Today 169。 2022 by Prentice Hall Essentials of Business Information Systems Chapter 1 Business Information Systems in Your Career ? Customers who are served well bee repeat customers who purchase more ? Close relationships with suppliers result in lower costs ? The Mandarin Oriental in Manhattan uses information systems and technologies to foster an intimate relationship with its customers including keeping track of their preferences ? JCPenney uses information systems to enhance its relationship with its supplier in Hong Kong Customer and supplier intimacy: The Role of Information Systems in Business Today 169。 169。 據(jù)稱，該公司甚至可以在 1小時內(nèi)完成全球 4300余家門店內(nèi)所有商品的盤點。 目前 ，沃爾瑪配送中心的工作 85%由機械自動完成，其在本土門店中銷售的 8萬多種商品中 85%實現(xiàn)了集中配送。 其技術水平往往領先同行經(jīng)營商店 5至 10年。早在 1969年 ，公司就開始使用計算機管理庫存； 80年 開始使用條形碼； 85年 開始建立了規(guī)模龐大的電子數(shù)據(jù)交換（ EDI），并進而演化成具有多種功能的 Retail Link系統(tǒng)； 86年 又花費 2400萬美元購買了商業(yè)衛(wèi)星，構建全球通訊網(wǎng)絡； 88年 使用無線激光掃描槍；到了 90年代 ，則為車隊裝備了衛(wèi)星定位系統(tǒng)，以提高物流管理效率。 沃爾瑪案例 169。格拉斯 (David Glass)指出：“配送設施是沃爾瑪成功的關鍵之一，如果說我們有什么比別人干得更出色的話，那就是配送中心。據(jù) 《 財富 》 預測：沃爾瑪還將在接下來的幾年保持領先的地位，并于 2022年達到 4340億美元的銷售額。到目前為止，該公司已經(jīng)在全球開設了 4300多家門店，并在 2022年以 2198億美元的銷售額榮登 《 財富 》 500強之首后， 2022年再次以 2465億美元雄居榜首。 2022 by Prentice Hall Essentials of Business Information Systems Chapter 1 Business Information Systems in Your Career Operational Excellence: ? Improved efficiency results in higher profitability ? Information systems and technologies help to improve higher levels of efficiency and productivity ? WalMart is the champion of bining information systems and best business practices to achieve operational efficiency— and $285 billion in sales in 2022 ? WalMart is the most efficient store in the world as a result of digital links between its suppliers and stores The Role of Information Systems